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Behavior > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a “psychological disorder?”

A

behavioral and/or psychological Sx that are not in line with cultural norms, and impair normalcy in your life

*must cause distress

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2
Q

What is the guidebook for mental health professionals>

A

the DSM-V

Diagnostic & Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition

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3
Q

What is “ego-dystonic?”

A

when people are aware of their issue and tend to be distressed by it

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4
Q

What are examples of ego-dystonic disorders?

A

bipolar, OCD

-these individuals have an internal locus of control and are more likely to seek help

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5
Q

What is “ego-syntonic?”

A

when people don’t necessarily have a problem, or think that the problem lies within everyone else

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6
Q

What are examples are ego-syntonic disorders?

A

eating disorders, personality disorders

the actions and behaviors here are in line with the person’s self image

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7
Q

What is a “personality disorder?”

A

an enduring, rigid set of personality traits that deviates from cultural norms, impairs functioning and causes distress

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8
Q

What are “clusters?”

A

the categories that personality disorders get put into: A

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9
Q

What are the 3 different personality clusters?

A

A = “weird”

B = “wild”

C = “worried”

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10
Q

What are examples of cluster A personality disorders?

A

“weird”

  • paranoid
  • schizoTypal = magical Thinking / behavior (wearing a raincoat during the summer)

-schizoiD = Disinterest, Detachment, inDifference

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11
Q

What are examples of cluster B personality disorders?

A

“wild”

  • antisocial = sociopath, psychopath
  • borderline
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
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12
Q

What are examples of cluster C personality disorders?

A

“worried”

-avoidant
-dependent (clingy)
-obsessive compulsive personality disorder
*these people are usually inefficient in their
practices, so they are much different from those
with “OCD”

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13
Q

What disorder is characterized by positive and negative symptoms?

A

schizoprenia

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14
Q

What are “positive” symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

these are present symptoms:

  • hallucinations (auditory, visual)
  • delusions
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15
Q

What are “negative” symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

these are traits that are absent in the individual:

  • flat affect
  • disorganized speech
  • lack of motivation
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16
Q

When does schizophrenia usually present?

A

around adolescence

17
Q

What is the “stress-diathesis theory?”

A

suggests that even with a genetic predisposition, stressors can elicit the onset

18
Q

What is the role of Dopamine in schizophrenia?

A

overabundance of Dopamine

-both dopamine levels and # of dopamine receptors

19
Q

What may explain the presence of positive signs of schizophrenia (like auditory hallucinations)?

A

hyperactivation of the temporal lobes

20
Q

What types of antipsychotics are helpful in patients with schizophrenia?

A

dopamine antagonists

21
Q

What may explain the negative signs of schizophrenia (flat affect, impaired speech)?

A

hypoactivation of the frontal lobes

22
Q

What is “dementia?”

A

severe loss of cognitive ability beyond what would be expected from normal aging

23
Q

What is the most prevalent form of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

24
Q

What is the characteristic trait of Alzheimer’s?

A

formation of beta-amyloid plaques within brain tissue

25
Q

What is the current treatment for Alzheimer’s?

A

no current cure

-treatments are directed at slowing progression

26
Q

The movement disorder Parkinson’s Disease is caused by what?

A

the death of cells that generate Dopamine in the:

-basal ganglia
&
-substantia nigra

27
Q

What are the physical symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A
  • resting tremor
  • slowed movement
  • rigidity of movements / facial expressions
  • shuffling gait
28
Q

What is the treatment for Parkinson’s and why?

A

L-dopa, the precursor to Dopamine

unlike Dopamine, this medication can cross the blood-brain barrier

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