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Behavior > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is “personality?”

A

an individual pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is associated with each person

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2
Q

What is the “situational” approach to personality?

A

this theory states that behavior may vary depending on the varying situations

focuses on external vs internal

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3
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory of personality?

A

Sigmund Freud pioneered this idea, stating that personality is shaped by a person’s unconscious thoughts, feelings and memories

*developed by age 5

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4
Q

What are the dimensions of consciousness involved in the psychoanalytic theory?

A
  1. id
  2. ego
  3. superego
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5
Q

What is the id?

A

“pleasure principle” - within unconscious

  • most primitive
  • instant gratification
  • seeks pleasure, avoids pain

Freud believed children operated almost entirely from the id

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6
Q

What is the superego?

A

“perfection principle” - within unconscious

  • moralistic/idealistic goals learned through internalization of society’s rules
  • seeks pride/self love, avoids guilt/inferiority
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7
Q

What is the ego?

A

“reality principle” - primary @ conscious level, but some parts are within the unconscious

-logical thinking/planning to mediate between id and superego

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8
Q

What is the “life instinct?”

A

“libido” or “eros”

drives behaviors focused on survival, growth, creativity, pain avoidance, and pleasure

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9
Q

What is the “death instinct?”

A

“thenatos”

drives aggressive behaviors fueled by an an unconscious wish to die or to hurt oneself or others

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10
Q

What are “defense” mechanisms?

A

ways the mind can protect the id and cope with anxiety

Developed by the ego

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11
Q

How did Freud view “anxiety?”

A

as a feeling of dread or tension, a warning of potential danger that occurs when a person begins to become aware of something they have repressed

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12
Q

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages?

A
  1. oral
  2. anal
  3. phallic
  4. latent
  5. genital

Old Age Parrots Love Grapes

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13
Q

What occurs in the oral phase?

A

child seeks snesual pleasure through oral activities

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14
Q

What fixation occurs from the oral phase?

A
  • overeating
  • biting nails
  • smoking
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15
Q

What fixation occurs from the anal stage?

A
  1. obsession w/orderliness (“anal retentive”)

2. compulsively messy (“anal expulsive”)

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16
Q

What occurs in the anal phase?

A

child seeks sensual pleasure through control of elimination

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17
Q

What occurs in the phallic stage?

A

child seeks sensual pleasure through the genitals

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18
Q

What complexes occur during the phallic stage?

A
  1. Oedipus Complex
  2. Electra Complex

the child is attracted to the opposite sex parent and wants to overpower/eliminate the same sex parent

19
Q

What occurs during the latent stage?

A

sexual interests subside and are replaced by interests in other others such as school, friends and sports

20
Q

What occurs during the genital stage?

A

sexual themes resurface and fuel many aspects of life

21
Q

What fixations occur from the genital stage?

A

intimacy issues in adulthood

22
Q

Who developed the psychosocial theory of personality development?

A

Erik Erikson

23
Q

What is the humanistic theory?

A

humans are seen as inherently good and have FREE WILL, rather than having their behavior determined by early relationships

24
Q

Who is associated with the humanistic theory?

A

Carl Rogers

25
Q

What is the main goal of the humanistic theory?

A

to achieve self actualization, which is realizing one’s full potential

26
Q

What did Carl Rogers believe about self actualization?

A

self actualization was a constant growth process that is nurtured in a “growth promoting climate”

27
Q

What is necessary to foster a “growth promoting climate?”

A

person must be:

  1. genuine: open, honest and revealing about themselves
  2. acceptance: unconditional positive regard (both giving and receiving; there should be no fear for doing something wrong and risk losing love)
28
Q

What does the biologic theory of personality stress?

A

personality is influenced by their genome and degree of heredity

*infants are born with a “baseline” temperament that is modified by environmental influences throughout life

29
Q

What is the behavioral theory of personality?

A

personality is a result of learned behavior based on one’s environment

30
Q

According to the behaviorist theory, personality is…….

A

deterministic

-proposes people being as blank slates and that environmental reinforcements and punishments completely determine the person’s subsequent behavior and personality

31
Q

What does the trait theory state about personality?

A

personality is based on identifiable patterns of behavior

32
Q

What traits are included in the “Five-Factor Model?”

A 
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

“OCEAN”

33
Q

What are the 3 categories of personality traits that Gordon Allport developed?

A
  1. cardinal traits
  2. central traits
  3. secondary traits
34
Q

What are cardinal traits?

A

these are so important that an individual can be identified by them

*Scrooge from A Christmas Carol = stingy, cold-hearted

35
Q

What are central traits?

A

these make us predictable in MOST situations

*she is a flirt / he is very shy

36
Q

What are secondary traits?

A

these convey our preferences for things

*I like Thai food and indie music

37
Q

Who is associated with the biological perspective of personality?

A

Hans Eysenck

38
Q

What dimensions did Hans Eysenck believe comprise personality?

A
  1. extroversion - degree of sociability
  2. neuroticism - degree of emotional stability
  3. psychoticism - degree of distorted reality
39
Q

What is the person-situation controversy?

A

considers the degree to which a person’s reaction is due to their personality (traits) or simply the current situation (state)

40
Q

Compare traits vs states

A

traits: internal, stable and enduring aspects of personality
states: situational - unstable, temporary

41
Q

What is social cognitive theory?

A

personality is formed by a reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive and environmental factors

42
Q

What is observational learning?

A

“vicarious learning”

a person watches another person’s behavior and its consequences, thereby learning rules, strategies and expected outcomes in different situations

43
Q

What researcher is associated with observational learning?

A

Albert Bandura (“Bobo Doll” experiment)

44
Q

Observational learning is an aspect of what theory of personality development?

A

social cognitive theory

Behavior (5 decks)

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