Attitude Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the psychological definition of attitude?
a person’s feelings and beliefs about people/things/situations around them
True or False - attitudes can be positive or negative
True
What are the 3 components of attitude
Affect
Behavior
Cognition
the ABCs of Attitude!
What is the affective component of attitude?
one’s feelings or emotions
“I’m scared of spiders”
What is the behavioral component of attitude?
one’s influence of action
“If I see a spider, I will scream.”
What is the cognitive component of attitude?
one’s specific beliefs or knowledge
“I think spiders are gross and dangerous.”
What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?
people are much more likely to agree to a large request if they first agree to a smaller one
-your sibling will help you build a new fence if at first they loan you their tools
What is the door-in-the-face phenomenon?
-people will agree to a smaller request after turning down an initial much larger request
What is an example of the door-in-the-face phenomen?
- a girl asks her parents for a car for her 16th birthday
- when they say no, she then asks to invite friends over for a sleepover
What is the “justification of effort” theory?
people modify their attitudes to match their language or behavior
What is an example of the justification of effort?
after submitting applications, a medical school applicant feels a calling to the ministry; but he feels that in order to justify all the effort he put into his studies he has to go to medical school
What is the elaboration likelihood model?
this states that there are 2 routes to attitude formation and change, depending on the state of the presenter and the receiver
What are the 2 routes that can be taken in the elaboration likelihood model?
- peripheral
2. central
What is the peripheral route of processing?
occurs when an individual does not think deeply to evaluate the argument
-they can be swayed by how bored they are or even the attractiveness of the speaker
What is the central route of processing?
occurs when an individual thinks deeply and is swayed by logic, reason, and credibility
What is the theory of planned behavior?
we consider the intentions and the implications of our actions before acting (where intentions depend on attitude, subjective norms, and perceived ease/difficult of doing the behavior)
What are subjective norms?
what we think others think about our behavior
What is the attitude to behavior processing model?
- an event triggers an attitude
2. the attitude + prior knowledge leads to our behavior
What is an example of the attitude to behavior processing model?
- event = your boyfriend tells you to “relax,” so know you are super annoyed
- attitude + prior knowledge = you remember last time your annoyance led to a big fight, so this time you take a deep breath and laugh it off
* resulting behavior = this time you stay calm and avoid the fight
What is the prototype willingness model?
behavior is a combination of 6 things:
- our current behavior is a result of our previous behavior
- attitude
- subjective norms
- intentions
- willingness to engage in specific behavior
- prototypes / models
What is “reciprocal determinism?”
a theory that states our behavior, cognition and social environment shape each other
Albert Bandura
What is the “tyranny of choice?”
having too many options can have negative cognitive effects
- information overload = decision paralysis
- less confident in any choice made
- increased regret in any choice made
- overall less satisfcation
What is “ego depletion?”
the idea that willpower and self control that are a limited resource that can be used up
*a task that depletes self control can have a negative influence later on on an unrelated task that also requires self control
resist eating fresh baked cookies, but give up sooner on a complex puzzle game
What are some ways to implement self control?
- change your environment
*have a bowl of apples at eye level, but require a
stepladder to reach the Oreos - operant conditioning
- classical conditioning
- deprivation
