Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Describe the three types of stress

Answer 1

Distress: negative
Eustress: positive, motivating
Neustress: stressful, but doesn’t affect person

Question 2

What is the difference between hallucinations and delusions?

Answer 2

Hallucinations involve seeing/hearing something that isn’t there are delusions involve false beliefs

Question 3

What are the three categories of symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

1. Positive: delusions, hallucinations, racing thoughts
2. Negative: lack of interest, lack of emotion, speech difficulties
3. Cognitive: abnormalities of attention, organization, planning, memory

Question 4

What are some physical abnormalities present in individuals with schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Decreased cerebral cortex (frontal and temporal lobes), increased dopamine levels (target for treatment)

Question 5

What brain areas show abnormalities in individuals with major depressive disorder?

Answer 5

The frontal lobe and limbic system

Question 6

What neurotransmitters are typical targets for treatment of individuals with major depressive disorder?

Answer 6

serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine

Question 7

What are the five types of anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

1. Generalized anxiety disorder
2. Phobias
3. Panic disorders
4. Obsessive Compulsive disorders
5. Post traumatic stress disorder

Question 8

What is the difference between somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder?

Answer 8

Somatic symptom disorder occurs when psychological disorders manifest as physical symptoms. In conversion disorder these symptoms must be neurological.

Question 9

Factitious disorder

Answer 9

Falsifying symptoms to get a diagnosis/treatment

Question 10

Three categories (clusters) of personality disorders

Answer 10

Cluster A: odd, eccentric trains
Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, erratic traits
Cluster C: anxiety, fearfulness

Question 11

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Answer 11

Paranoid
Schizoid: emotionally detached
Schizotypical: odd beliefs/ magical thinking

Question 12

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Answer 12

Antisocial: no empathy
Borderline: emotionally unstable
Histrionic: attention seeking
Narcissistic: huge egos

Question 13

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Answer 13

Avoidant: inhibited, inadequate
Dependent: clingy
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder: want things to be in order

Question 14

Loss of function of which neurons is associated with Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 14

Dopaminergic neurons

Question 15

What are some biological factors contributing to depression?

Answer 15

Genetics
Brain: decreased activation in prefrontal cortex and reward pathway
NT: fewer receptors for serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 16

Learned Helplessness

Answer 16

A sense of powerlessness resulting from a persistent failure to succeed

Question 17

What type of attributions do people with depression tend to make?

Answer 17

They believe causes are internal, the event is likely to happen in the future, and negative experiences are global

Question 18

What are some sociocultural causes of depression?

Answer 18

Low SES, childhood abuse, internalization of prejudice

Question 19

Would a depressed person be more likely to experience dependent or independent stressors?

Answer 19

Dependent (type of stressor influenced by the person)

Question 20

Bipolar I vs Bipolar II

Answer 20

Bipolar I: manic episode with or without a major depressive episode
Bipolar II: hypomania with a major depressive episode

Question 21

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 21

Hypomania with dysthymia