Learning Flashcards
Non-associative Learning
Repeated exposure to a stimulus can result in habituation (decreased sensitivity) and sensitization (increased sensitivity)
Associative Learning
When one event is connected to another (classical and operant conditioning)
Generalization
Ability of a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit the same response
Discrimination
Ability to respond to some stimuli but not others
Extinction
Occurs in classical conditioning when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned response Spontaneous Recovery may occur
Extinction burst
Spike in an original behavior following extinction. Followed by an eventual decrease in the behavior
Aversive Conditioning
Pairing a behavior one wishes to decrease with an unpleasant stimulus
Systematic Desensitization
Often used to treat phobias, involves gradually introducing someone to an anxiety inducing stimulus and pairing it with relaxation
Reinforcement
Anything that increases a behavior Can be positive (adding something) or negative (taking away something)
Punishment
Anything that decreases a behavior Can be positive (adding something) or negative (taking away something)
Operant extinction
Involves removing reinforcement after a behavior
Instinctual drift
Tendency for established habits to be replaced by instinctive behaviors
Shaping
Involves reinforcing small steps toward an overall behavior
Schedules of reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement: behavior is reinforced on a 1:1 ratio
Fixed-ratio: behavior is reinforced after a set number of behaviors in performed
Fixed-interval: behavior is reinforced after a set amount of time has passed
Variable ratio: behavior is reinforced after an average number of behaviors
Variable interval: reinforcement after an average amount of time
