Development

Question 1

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development

Answer 1

Proposed that child development involves a series of stages, each with their own tensions and pleasures. Fixation in a stage would cause problems in adulthood

Question 2

Stages of Psychosexual Development

Answer 2

Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

Question 3

Erickson’s Psychosocial Development

Answer 3

Modified Freud’s Theory, believed development occurred throughout the lifetime, looked at interactions between individual and society

Question 4

Stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 4

1. Trust vs. mistrust 2. Autonomy vs shame/doubt 3. Initiative vs. guilt 4. Industry vs. inferiority 5. Identity vs. role confusion 6. Intimacy vs. isolation 7. Generativity vs. stagnation 8. Integrity vs. despair

Question 5

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Development

Answer 5

Looks at role that social interactions play in the development of cognition Babies have four elementary functions (attention, sensation, learning, and memory) that develop into higher mental functions through interactions with a more knowledgeable other

Question 6

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

Answer 6

1. Pre-morality: people do what is right out of fear of punishment or for personal gain (hedonistic principle) 2. Conventional morality: people do what is right according to the majority or because it is their duty to society (law and order principle) 3. Post-conventional morality: people do what is right based on their inner conscious, even if it violate the law

Question 7

Mead’s Stages of Social Behaviorism

Answer 7

1. Preparatory Stage: interaction through imitation, children cannot take on the perspective of others 2. Play Stage: focused on role taking and pretend play 3. Game stage: focused on the beliefs of the generalized other (society), realize individuals have opinions about them

Question 8

I vs Me

Answer 8

The Me is the socialized, conforming aspect of self and the I is the less socialized, spontaneous part of self

Question 9

Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment

Answer 9

Children were placed in a room with mother/stranger. Mother leaves. Mother comes back.

Children with secure attachment to mother explored the room while she was there, were distressed when she left, and happy when she came back.

Those with insecure attachment were clingy while mother was there, distressed when she left, and still distressed when she came back.

Question 10

Three types of parenting styles

Answer 10

Authoritarian

Authoritative (best)

Permissive