Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorders

A

behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or significant impairment in functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hallucination

A

perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality

“hearing/seeing things”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ideas of Persecution

A

erroneous beliefs that one is being victimized or persecuted

(thinking that the FBI is out to get you)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Demonological Model (Perspectives on Psychological Disorders)

A

People back then believed that the Devil was responsible for psychological disorders. This led to brutal “treatments” such as drilling of holes in the skull for the evil spirits to escape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Medical Model (Perspectives on Psychological Disorders)

A

After many killings during the demonological era, during the age of reason, more health professionals, such as Philippe Pinel, viewed psychological disorders as diseases of the mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contemporary Psychological Models

A

many psychologists looked for biological and physical contributors to psychological disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The diathesis-stress model

A

assumes that there may be biological differences between individuals.

(explains why some people develop certain psychological disorders under stress, while some do not)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The biopsychosocial model

A

explains psychological disorder in terms of combination

  1. biological vulnerabilities
  2. psychological factors (exposure to stress)
  3. sociocultural factors (family rels and cultural beliefs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classifying Psychological Disorders

A

This is the communication between investigators.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders, compiled by the American Psychiatric Association (2013) The manual is known more simply as the DSM-5.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

have psychological and physical symptoms

  • worrying fear of the worst happening, fear of losing control, nervousness, inability to relax
  • trembling, sweating, increase in heartbeat, and elevated blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Specific phobias

A

excessive irrational fears of specific objects or situations such as spiders, snakes, or heights

claustrophobia - fear of tight spaces
acrophobia - fear of heights
agoraphobia - fear of going out of their homes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

excessive fears of social situations in which the individual is exposed to the scrutiny of others or might do something that will be humiliating or embarrassing.

(public speaking, stage fright, speech anxiety, dating fears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Panic Disorder

A

abrupt anxiety attack that is unrelated to specific objects or situations.

shortness of breath, heavy sweating, tremors, and pounding of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity. Comes from pervasive worrying about numerous stressors.

shakiness, inability to relax, furrowed brow, fidgeting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Psychological Views (Origins of Anxiety Disorders)

A

views that phobias are conditioned fears that were gained in early childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biological Views

A

Anxiety disorders tend to run in families. Evolutionary psychologists suggests that anxiety may reflect natural selection.

17
Q

Biopsychosocial Views

A

Many cases of anxiety disorders reflect the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

18
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control (obsessions) and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety (compulsions)

19
Q

Hoarding Disorder

A

overpowering need to accumulate certain kinds of possessions and have difficulty discarding them.

20
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

A

rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic experience.

occurs 6 months or more after the traumatic event

21
Q

Acute Stress Disorder

A

same with PTSD, but occurs within a month of the event and lasts from two days to four weeks

22
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

which there are sudden, temporary changes in consciousness or self-identity

23
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

(formerly termed multiple personality disorder) a disorder in which a person appears to have two or more distinct identities or personalities that may alternately emerge

24
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

a dissociative disorder marked by loss
of memory or self-identity; skills and general knowledge are usually retained

25
Q

Depersonalization–derealization
disorder

A

experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal.

26
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

physical problems such as paralysis, pain, or a persistent belief that they have a serious disease.

27
Q

Illness anxiety disorder (type of somatoform disorder)

A

People with this disorder insist that they are suffering from a serious physical illness, even though no medical evidence of illness can be found.

28
Q

Conversion disorder

A

characterized by a major change in, or loss of, physical functioning, although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning.

something is really wrong but is not physically shown

29
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

earlier known as manic-depressive disorder,
have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression.

manic phase is when a person is too excited. these people may be argumentative, show poor judgment, destroy property, make huge contributions to charity, or give away expensive possessions.

30
Q

Bipolar depression

A

People with bipolar depression often sleep
more than usual and are lethargic.

social withdrawal and irritability. Some people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide when
the mood shifts from the elated phase toward depression. Imbalances in the neurotransmitter serotonin apparently play a role in bipolar disorder

31
Q

Major Depressive disorder

A

serious to severe depressive disorder in which the person may show loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation, and impaired reality testing

32
Q

Psychomotor Retardation

A

slowness in motor activity and (apparently) in thought

33
Q

Psychological Disorder (Psychological View)

A

Many learning theorists suggest that depressed people behave as though they cannot obtain reinforcement.

Cognitive factors also contribute to depression.
For example, perfectionists set themselves up
for depression by making irrational demands
on themselves.

34
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

a possible explanation for some depressive behavior, based on findings that organisms in aversive situations learn to show inactivity when their behavior is not reinforced

35
Q

Attribution styles

A

styles in which we put the blame to

Internal - blaming ourselves
external - blaming others
stable - blaming something that cannot be changed
unstable - blames a temporary condition
global - suggests that the problem was too large
specific - chops the problem into a manageable size

36
Q

Neuroticism

A

often associated with depression & anxiety

a personality trait characterized largely by persistent anxiety

37
Q
A