Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Psychological Disorders
behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or significant impairment in functioning
Hallucination
perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality
“hearing/seeing things”
Ideas of Persecution
erroneous beliefs that one is being victimized or persecuted
(thinking that the FBI is out to get you)
Demonological Model (Perspectives on Psychological Disorders)
People back then believed that the Devil was responsible for psychological disorders. This led to brutal “treatments” such as drilling of holes in the skull for the evil spirits to escape.
Medical Model (Perspectives on Psychological Disorders)
After many killings during the demonological era, during the age of reason, more health professionals, such as Philippe Pinel, viewed psychological disorders as diseases of the mind.
Contemporary Psychological Models
many psychologists looked for biological and physical contributors to psychological disorders
The diathesis-stress model
assumes that there may be biological differences between individuals.
(explains why some people develop certain psychological disorders under stress, while some do not)
The biopsychosocial model
explains psychological disorder in terms of combination
- biological vulnerabilities
- psychological factors (exposure to stress)
- sociocultural factors (family rels and cultural beliefs)
Classifying Psychological Disorders
This is the communication between investigators.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the Mental Disorders, compiled by the American Psychiatric Association (2013) The manual is known more simply as the DSM-5.
Anxiety Disorders
have psychological and physical symptoms
- worrying fear of the worst happening, fear of losing control, nervousness, inability to relax
- trembling, sweating, increase in heartbeat, and elevated blood pressure
Specific phobias
excessive irrational fears of specific objects or situations such as spiders, snakes, or heights
claustrophobia - fear of tight spaces
acrophobia - fear of heights
agoraphobia - fear of going out of their homes
Social Anxiety Disorder
excessive fears of social situations in which the individual is exposed to the scrutiny of others or might do something that will be humiliating or embarrassing.
(public speaking, stage fright, speech anxiety, dating fears)
Panic Disorder
abrupt anxiety attack that is unrelated to specific objects or situations.
shortness of breath, heavy sweating, tremors, and pounding of heart
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity. Comes from pervasive worrying about numerous stressors.
shakiness, inability to relax, furrowed brow, fidgeting
Psychological Views (Origins of Anxiety Disorders)
views that phobias are conditioned fears that were gained in early childhood.