MEMORY Flashcards
EXPLICIT MEMORY (DECLARATIVE)
memory for specific information (CLEARLY STATED/EXPLAINED)
2 KINDS OF EXPLICIT MEMORIES
1. EPISODIC (autobiographical)
memories that takes place in our presence
(what u ate for bfast, what your prof said in class)
2 KINDS OF EXPLICIT MEMORIES
2. SEMANTIC
meanings (what u know/general knowledge)
(u know who wrote the bible without being there during the time it was being written)
IMPLICIT MEMORY (NON-DECLARATIVE)
memory of how to perform a task (skilled or procedural
(typing, eating, showering)
PRIMING
activation of specific associations in memory, often thru repetition and without making conscious effort to access the memory
RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY
memory for PAST events, activities, learning experiences.
PROSPECTIVE MEMORY
memory to perform an act in the FUTURE
1ST STAGE: ENCODES (info processing)
modifies info so it can be placed into memory (encoding of stimuli into memory)
2ND STAGE: STORAGE (info processing)
maintaining info over time
MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL (storage)
mentally repeating the list/saying it over and over again
ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL (storage)
relating new info to already known info (extending semantic meaning to what u already know)
3RD STAGE: RETRIEVAL (info processing)
locating the stored info and returning it to consciousness
RICHARD SHIFFRIN (3 STAGES OF MEMORY)
SENSORY:
MEMORY
process where info is encoded, stored, and retrieved
SENSORY MEMORY
memory first encountered by a stimulus
although brief, it is long enough so a series of perceptions are continuous
ICONIC MEMORY (sensory)
sensory register that briefly holds mental representation of visual stimuli
ICON: mental representation of visual stimuli
EIDETIC IMAGERY
ability to retain exact mental representations of visual stimuli of a long time
ECHOIC MEMORY
mental representations of auditory stimuli (sounds)
SHORT TERM MEMORY (working memory)
stage of memory that can hold info for up to a minute or so after the trace or stimulus decays (“working kasi conscious” - rehearsed or repeated info)
SERIAL POSITION EFFECT
tendency to recall more accurately the 1ST and LAST items in a series
CHUNK(ING) (GEORGE MILLER)
group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information
DISPLACEMENT (DISPLACE)
(in memory theory)
to cause information to be lost from SHORT TERM MEMORY by adding new info
LONG TERM MEMORY
type of memory storage capable of PERMANENT storage
REPRESSION
(freud’s psychodynamic theory)
the ejection of anxiety evoking ideas from conscious awareness
SCHEMAS
way of mentally representing the world such as BELIEF/EXPECTATIONS that can influence perceptions of persons, objects, and situations
SELF REFERENCE EFFECT
infos are easier to remember when its connected to u (high levels of recall when asked to relate words meaningfully)
TIP OF THE TONGUE PHENOMENON (TOT)
when info is restored in memory but it cannot be easily retrieved
CONTEXT DEPENDENT MEMORY
info that is better retrieved in the context in which it was learned/experienced
STATE DEPENDENT MEMORY
info that is better retrieved in the physiological/emotional state in which it was learned/experienced
NONSENSE SYLLABLES
meaningless set of 2 consonants with a vowel sandwiched in between (used to study memory)
PAIRED ASSOCIATES
(used in recall)
nonsense syllables presented in pairs in experiments to measure recall
(memory tasks)
RECOGNITION
RECALL
RELEARNING
- aspect of forgetting is failure to recognize something we have experienced
- use or nonsense syllables
- relearning what we knew
METHODS OF SAVINGS (efficiency of relearning)
measure of retention in which it CALCULATES the diff between the number of REPETITIONS needed to LEARN a list and the number of REPETITIONS needed to RE-LEARN after a CERTAIN amount of time has elapsed
SAVINGS
the diff between the number of REPETITIONS needed to LEARN a list and the number of REPETITIONS needed to RE-LEARN after a CERTAIN amount of time has elapsed
INTERFERENCE THEORY
view that newly learned material interferes with old memories in STM and LTM
RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
interference of NEW LEARNING to the ability to retrieve PREVIOUSLY learned material
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
interference of OLD LEARNING to the ability to retrieve NEWLY learned material
DISSIOCIATIVE AMNESIA (memory disorder)
loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from trauma
INFANTILE AMNESIA (childhood amnesia)
inability to recall events the happen b4 the age of 3 or so
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
failure to remember events that happened after the physical trauma
RETROGRADE AMNESIA
failure to remember events that happened before the physical trauma
ENGRAM
assumed electrical circuit in the brain that corresponds to a memory trace
LONG TERM POTENTIATION (LTP)
enhanced efficiency in synaptic transmission that follows brief rapid stimulation
