MOTIVATION & EMOTION

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

(concerned with WHY behavior)
state in which an organism experience an inducement or incentive to do something

Question 2

Motives

Answer 2

hypothetical states that activate behavior, propelling us toward goals

(a hypothetical state
within an organism that propels the
organism toward a goal)

Question 3

Need

Answer 3

state of deprivation

Question 4

Drive

Answer 4

condition of arousal in an organism that is associated with need

Question 5

Incentive

Answer 5

(object, person, or situation) that can satisfy a need or is desirable for its own sake.

Question 6

Instinct

Answer 6

(inherited disposition) to activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals

Question 7

Drive-reduction Theory

Answer 7

(view) organisms learn to engage in behaviors that have the effect of reducing drives

Question 8

Primary and Acquired Drives

Answer 8

Primary: hunger, thirst, pain
Acquired: money

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

Question 10

Self-Actualization

Answer 10

(Maslow) believed that we are separated from other animals by our capacity for this

the self-initiated striving to become what we are capable of

Question 11

Heirarchy of Needs

Answer 11

Maslow’s ordering of needs from most basic
(physiological needs such as hunger)
and thirst) to most elaborate and
sophisticated (self-actualization)

Question 12

Satiety

Answer 12

the state of being satisfied; fullness

Question 13

Ventromedial Nucleus (VMN)

Answer 13

central area on the underside of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a “stop-eating center”

Question 14

hyperphagic

Answer 14

excessive eating (when VMN is cut off, the subject will continue to eat until its weight is doubled)

Question 15

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 15

area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a “start-eating center”

Question 16

aphagic

Answer 16

under eating (however, will still eat if forced but at its own and levels off at a relatively low body weight)

Question 17

adaptive thermogenesis

Answer 17

adaptive mechanism that causes the body to produce less energy (burn fewer calories) when we go on a diet.

Question 18

Eating Disorders

Answer 18

characterized by the persistent gross disturbances in eating patterns

Question 19

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 19

(life threatening eating disorder)
extreme fear of being too heavy, dramatic weight loss, a distorted body image, resistance to eating enough to reach/maintain a healthful weight

Question 20

Female Athlete Triad

Answer 20

problem affecting female athletes (especially in college)
1. low energy
2. menstrual problems
3. loss of bone density

Question 21

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 21

(eating disorder) repeated cycles of binge eating and purging

Question 22

Activating Effect

Answer 22

arousal-producing effects of sex hormones that increase the likelihood of sexual behavior

Question 23

Estrus

Answer 23

periodical sexual excitement of many female mammals as governed by the levels of sex hormones

Question 24

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 24

Masters and Johnson’s model of sexual response which has 4 stages: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 25

Vasocongestion

Answer 25

swelling of the genital tissues with blood, causing erection of penis and swelling of the area sorrounding the vaginal opening.

Question 26

Myotonia

Answer 26

muscle tension, which causes grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet and the spasms of orgasm

Question 27

Excitement Phase

Answer 27

vasocongestion causes erection to males, vaginal lubrication to females

Question 28

Plateau Phase

Answer 28

level of sexual arousal is stable, testes are elevated into position for ejaculation. swells the outer part of the vagina and inner vagina expands further

Question 29

Orgasmic Phase

Answer 29

men prepel semen women has 3-15 contractions of the pelvic muscle that sorround the vaginal muscle

Question 30

Resolution Phase

Answer 30

(stage after orgasm) men enter a refractory period (where they cannot experience another orgasm/ejaculate) women on the other hand does not experience this and can become aroused if they so desire

Question 31

LGBT Activist, Homosexual, Bisexual, Gay, Lesbian, Heterosexual

Answer 31

-person who fights/advocates for lgbt rights -person who are sexually aroused & interested in forming romantic rels with people of the same gender -person who is erotically attracted to both women and men -male homosexual -female homosexual -person who are sexually aroused by people of the other gender

Question 32

Gender Identity

Answer 32

one's psychological sense of being female, male, or somewhere in between

Question 33

Gender Nonconformity

Answer 33

not behaving in a way that is consistent with the gender-role stereotype associated with one’s anatomic sex in a given culture

Question 34

Achievement Motivation

Answer 34

when people strive relentlessly to get ahead, to make it, to earn large sums of money, to invent, to accomplish the impossible

Question 35

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 35

(henry murray) shows cards wth photos and drawings that can be interpreted in many ways.

Question 36

Emotion

Answer 36

state of feeling that has cognitive, psychological, and behavioral components

Question 37

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 37

the branch of the Autonomic Nervous System that is most active during processes that spend body energy from stored reserves (like fight or flight reaction)

Question 38

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 38

the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body, such as relaxing and eating

Question 39

Positive Psychology

Answer 39

field of psych about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; and optimism and hope for the future

Question 40

Facial-feedback Hypothesis

Answer 40

(view) that stereotypical facial expressions can contribute to stereotypical emotions