Psychological Disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Determining abnormality

A

• Behavior is unusual
• Behavior is socially unacceptable or violates social norms
• Perception of reality is faulty
• The person is in significant personal distress
• Behavior is maladaptive or self-defeating
• Behavior is dangerous

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2
Q

Risk factors to psychological health

A

• age, •
education,
• childhood traumas,
• current stress, •
life events,
• social supports,
• gender,
physical health.

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3
Q

Costliest health conditions in Canada

A

Morbidity and mortality issues, poor mental health

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4
Q

Demonological model

A

Explanation of abnormal behaviour as a result of supernatural or divine causes

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5
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive disorder

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6
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Persistent feeling of anxiety
Free floating
Chronic worries

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7
Q

GAD symptoms

A

Trembling palpitations sweating dizziness nausea

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8
Q

Panic disorder

A

Recurring panic attacks
Overwhelming anxiety fear or terror

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9
Q

Panic disorder symptoms

A

a pounding heart, uncontrollable trembling or shaking, and a feeling of being choked or smothered
Fear they will die or go crazy

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10
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of places and situations from which it might be difficult or embracing to escape in the event of panicky symptoms or of situations in which help, may be unavailable if such problems occur.

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11
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Irritation also fear for social or performance situations in which they might embarrass or humiliate themselves in front of others
1/3 given a speech

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12
Q

Phobias

A

experience a persistent, irrational fear of some specific object, situation, or activity that poses no threat or danger (or whose danger is grossly blown out of proportion).

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13
Q

Types of phobias

A

Situational phobia (example: fear of elevators, airplanes etc)
Fear of the natural environment (storms, water etc)
Animal phobias (fear of dogs, snakes etc.)
Blood-injection-injury phobia (fear of seeing blood or an injury, or of receiving an
injection)

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14
Q

Causes of phobias

A

Heredity
Learning
Observational learning

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15
Q

OCD

A

common, chronic and long-
lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.

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16
Q

Obsessions

A

Fear of germs
Unwanted forbidden or taboo thoughts
Agressive thoughts
Symmetry

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17
Q

Compulsions

A

• Excessive cleaning and/or handwashing
• Ordering and arranging things in a particular, precise way
• Repeatedly checking on things, such as repeatedly checking
to see if the door is locked or that the oven is off
• Compulsive counting

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18
Q

Adjustment disorder

A

is a maladaptive reaction to an identified stressor that develops within a few months of the onset of the stressor.

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19
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder

A

the traumatic event involves either actual or threatened death or serious physical injury or threat to one’s own or another’s physical safety.

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20
Q

PTSD cases

A

Soldier
Rape survivor
Motor vehicle acciderngyt
Witnessed destruction of their homes

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21
Q

PTSD symptoms

A

Intense fear
Helplessness
Sense of horror

22
Q

Vulnerability

A

-a person degree of neurobiological responsivity to
traumatic events;
- the severity of the trauma and degree of exposure;
-the use of coping responses to stress; - the availability of post-trauma social support;
• perceptions of helplessness and leftover emotional guilt.

23
Q

Brain areas implicated in the stress response include the

A

amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex

24
Q

Stress response on memory

A
25
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

are characterized by transient or chronic failures or disruptions of integration of consciousness, memory, perception, identity or emotion.

26
Q

Dissociative disorder provide…

A

Escape from intolerable circumstances

27
Q

3 types of dissociative disorders

A

Dissociative amnesia
Identify
Depersonalization/derealization

28
Q

Depersonalizations

A

Detached from one self

29
Q

Derealization

A

Unreality distance or distortion

30
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Not physical damage to brain

complete or partial loss of the ability to recall personal information or identify past experience

Sufferers forget items of personal reference, such as their name, age, and address, and may even fail to recognize their parents, spouse, or friend

31
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

lose their sense of personal identity and impulsively wander away from
their homes or places of work.

32
Q

Multiple personality disorder

A

The change from one personality to another often occurs suddenly –
usually during stress

33
Q

Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder.

A

feeling that you’re observing yourself from outside your body or you have a sense that things around you aren’t real, or both.

34
Q

Depersonalization

A

temporary loss or change in the
usual sense of our own reality.

35
Q

Derealization

A

sense of unreality about the
external world involving strange changes in perception of surroundings or in the sense of the passage of time

36
Q

Characteristics Schiz 1% can pop

A

psychosis (loss of contact with reality),
• hallucinations (false perceptions),
• delusions (false beliefs),
• disorganized speech and behavior,
• flattened affect (restricted range of emotions),
• cognitive deficits (impaired reasoning and problem
solving), • occupational and social dysfunction.

37
Q

Two cat for schiz

A

there are disturbances of mood combined with psychotic behavior or • that involve schizophrenic-like thinking but without psychotic behavior (schizotypal personality disorder)

38
Q

Three phases schiz

A

Prodromal
Active (acute ep)
Residual

39
Q

Prodromal phase

A

may begin to lose interest in their usual pursuits and to withdraw from friends and family member

may also become intensely preoccupied with religion or philosophy

easily confused, have trouble concentrating, and feel listless and apathetic, preferring to spend most of their days alone

40
Q

Active p-hase

A

people may experience delusions, hallucinations, marked distortions in thinking and disturbances in behavior and feelings.

41
Q

Residual phase

A

listless, have trouble concentrating and be withdrawn. The symptoms in this phase are similar to those outlined under the prodromal phase. • Unfortunately, residual symptoms may increase, while ability to function normally may decrease, after each active phase. • Up to 80% of people with schizophrenia abuse substances at some point in their lives. Substance abuse in this group of individuals is associated with poorer functional adjustment, suicidal behavior, and violence

42
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Something is added to a persons experiences

43
Q

Hallucinations

A

The voices in their head sound exactly like the voices from people outside of her, because her brain activity is the same whether she’s listening to the hallucination or to the real world

44
Q

Delusions

A

believing in something false even when evidence points to the fact that it is not true

45
Q

Negative symptoms

A

refer to a lack of normal
behaviors and emotions that are usually present in healthy
individuals. These symptoms include social withdrawal, reduced
speech and communication, lack of motivation and initiative,
reduced emotional expressiveness, and difficulty experiencing
pleasure

46
Q

Mood disorders

A

experience disturbances in mood that are unusually severe or prolonged and that impair their ability to function in meeting their normal responsibilities

47
Q

MDD 12% of Canadians

A

Effective treatment for depression is available and leads not only to psychological improvement but also to increased income, as people are able to return to a more productive level of functioning

48
Q

Risk factors MDD

A

Age (initial onset is more common among younger adults than older ones)
- Socioeconomic status (people on the lower rungs of the socioeconomic ladder are at
greater risk than those who are better off).
- Marital status (people who are not in an intimate relationship tend to be at greater
risk than those who are involved in a relationship). - Gender (Women are nearly twice as likely as men to develop major depression,
although the difference decreases with advancing age).
- Rumination (both men and women who repeatedly ruminate about the loss of loved
ones or when feeling down or sad are more likely to become depressed and to suffer
more severe depression than those who ruminate less).

49
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

disorder in which patients experience wo radically different moods: extreme highs, called manic episodes or mania, and extreme lows (major depression),

50
Q

Manic episode

A

euphoria, inflated self-esteem, wild optimism, and hyperactivity

51
Q

Cyclothymie disorder

A

chronic cyclical pattern of mood disturbance, characterized by mild mood swings, of at least 2 years

Neither the periods of elevated or depressed mood are severe enough to warrant a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.