Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Determining abnormality

Answer 1

• Behavior is unusual
• Behavior is socially unacceptable or violates social norms
• Perception of reality is faulty
• The person is in significant personal distress
• Behavior is maladaptive or self-defeating
• Behavior is dangerous

Question 2

Risk factors to psychological health

Answer 2

• age, •
education,
• childhood traumas,
• current stress, •
life events,
• social supports,
• gender,
physical health.

Question 3

Costliest health conditions in Canada

Answer 3

Morbidity and mortality issues, poor mental health

Question 4

Demonological model

Answer 4

Explanation of abnormal behaviour as a result of supernatural or divine causes

Question 5

Anxiety disorders

Answer 5

Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 6

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 6

Persistent feeling of anxiety
Free floating
Chronic worries

Question 7

GAD symptoms

Answer 7

Trembling palpitations sweating dizziness nausea

Question 8

Panic disorder

Answer 8

Recurring panic attacks
Overwhelming anxiety fear or terror

Question 9

Panic disorder symptoms

Answer 9

a pounding heart, uncontrollable trembling or shaking, and a feeling of being choked or smothered
Fear they will die or go crazy

Question 10

Agoraphobia

Answer 10

fear of places and situations from which it might be difficult or embracing to escape in the event of panicky symptoms or of situations in which help, may be unavailable if such problems occur.

Question 11

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 11

Irritation also fear for social or performance situations in which they might embarrass or humiliate themselves in front of others
1/3 given a speech

Question 12

Phobias

Answer 12

experience a persistent, irrational fear of some specific object, situation, or activity that poses no threat or danger (or whose danger is grossly blown out of proportion).

Question 13

Types of phobias

Answer 13

Situational phobia (example: fear of elevators, airplanes etc)
Fear of the natural environment (storms, water etc)
Animal phobias (fear of dogs, snakes etc.)
Blood-injection-injury phobia (fear of seeing blood or an injury, or of receiving an
injection)

Question 14

Causes of phobias

Answer 14

Heredity
Learning
Observational learning

Question 15

OCD

Answer 15

common, chronic and long-
lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.

Question 16

Obsessions

Answer 16

Fear of germs
Unwanted forbidden or taboo thoughts
Agressive thoughts
Symmetry

Question 17

Compulsions

Answer 17

• Excessive cleaning and/or handwashing
• Ordering and arranging things in a particular, precise way
• Repeatedly checking on things, such as repeatedly checking
to see if the door is locked or that the oven is off
• Compulsive counting

Question 18

Adjustment disorder

Answer 18

is a maladaptive reaction to an identified stressor that develops within a few months of the onset of the stressor.

Question 19

Post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 19

the traumatic event involves either actual or threatened death or serious physical injury or threat to one’s own or another’s physical safety.

Question 20

PTSD cases

Answer 20

Soldier
Rape survivor
Motor vehicle acciderngyt
Witnessed destruction of their homes

Question 21

PTSD symptoms

Answer 21

Intense fear
Helplessness
Sense of horror

Question 22

Vulnerability

Answer 22

-a person degree of neurobiological responsivity to
traumatic events;
- the severity of the trauma and degree of exposure;
-the use of coping responses to stress; - the availability of post-trauma social support;
• perceptions of helplessness and leftover emotional guilt.

Question 23

Brain areas implicated in the stress response include the

Answer 23

amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex

Question 24

Stress response on memory

Question 25

Dissociative disorders

Answer 25

are characterized by transient or chronic failures or disruptions of integration of consciousness, memory, perception, identity or emotion.

Question 26

Dissociative disorder provide…

Answer 26

Escape from intolerable circumstances

Question 27

3 types of dissociative disorders

Answer 27

Dissociative amnesia Identify Depersonalization/derealization

Question 28

Depersonalizations

Answer 28

Detached from one self

Question 29

Derealization

Answer 29

Unreality distance or distortion

Question 30

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 30

Not physical damage to brain complete or partial loss of the ability to recall personal information or identify past experience Sufferers forget items of personal reference, such as their name, age, and address, and may even fail to recognize their parents, spouse, or friend

Question 31

Dissociative fugue

Answer 31

lose their sense of personal identity and impulsively wander away from their homes or places of work.

Question 32

Multiple personality disorder

Answer 32

The change from one personality to another often occurs suddenly – usually during stress

Question 33

Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder.

Answer 33

feeling that you're observing yourself from outside your body or you have a sense that things around you aren't real, or both.

Question 34

Depersonalization

Answer 34

temporary loss or change in the usual sense of our own reality.

Question 35

Derealization

Answer 35

sense of unreality about the external world involving strange changes in perception of surroundings or in the sense of the passage of time

Question 36

Characteristics Schiz 1% can pop

Answer 36

psychosis (loss of contact with reality), • hallucinations (false perceptions), • delusions (false beliefs), • disorganized speech and behavior, • flattened affect (restricted range of emotions), • cognitive deficits (impaired reasoning and problem solving), • occupational and social dysfunction.

Question 37

Two cat for schiz

Answer 37

there are disturbances of mood combined with psychotic behavior or • that involve schizophrenic-like thinking but without psychotic behavior (schizotypal personality disorder)

Question 38

Three phases schiz

Answer 38

Prodromal Active (acute ep) Residual

Question 39

Prodromal phase

Answer 39

may begin to lose interest in their usual pursuits and to withdraw from friends and family member may also become intensely preoccupied with religion or philosophy easily confused, have trouble concentrating, and feel listless and apathetic, preferring to spend most of their days alone

Question 40

Active p-hase

Answer 40

people may experience delusions, hallucinations, marked distortions in thinking and disturbances in behavior and feelings.

Question 41

Residual phase

Answer 41

listless, have trouble concentrating and be withdrawn. The symptoms in this phase are similar to those outlined under the prodromal phase. • Unfortunately, residual symptoms may increase, while ability to function normally may decrease, after each active phase. • Up to 80% of people with schizophrenia abuse substances at some point in their lives. Substance abuse in this group of individuals is associated with poorer functional adjustment, suicidal behavior, and violence

Question 42

Positive symptoms

Answer 42

Something is added to a persons experiences

Question 43

Hallucinations

Answer 43

The voices in their head sound exactly like the voices from people outside of her, because her brain activity is the same whether she's listening to the hallucination or to the real world

Question 44

Delusions

Answer 44

believing in something false even when evidence points to the fact that it is not true

Question 45

Negative symptoms

Answer 45

refer to a lack of normal behaviors and emotions that are usually present in healthy individuals. These symptoms include social withdrawal, reduced speech and communication, lack of motivation and initiative, reduced emotional expressiveness, and difficulty experiencing pleasure

Question 46

Mood disorders

Answer 46

experience disturbances in mood that are unusually severe or prolonged and that impair their ability to function in meeting their normal responsibilities

Question 47

MDD 12% of Canadians

Answer 47

Effective treatment for depression is available and leads not only to psychological improvement but also to increased income, as people are able to return to a more productive level of functioning

Question 48

Risk factors MDD

Answer 48

Age (initial onset is more common among younger adults than older ones) - Socioeconomic status (people on the lower rungs of the socioeconomic ladder are at greater risk than those who are better off). - Marital status (people who are not in an intimate relationship tend to be at greater risk than those who are involved in a relationship). - Gender (Women are nearly twice as likely as men to develop major depression, although the difference decreases with advancing age). - Rumination (both men and women who repeatedly ruminate about the loss of loved ones or when feeling down or sad are more likely to become depressed and to suffer more severe depression than those who ruminate less).

Question 49

Bipolar disorder

Answer 49

disorder in which patients experience wo radically different moods: extreme highs, called manic episodes or mania, and extreme lows (major depression),

Question 50

Manic episode

Answer 50

euphoria, inflated self-esteem, wild optimism, and hyperactivity

Question 51

Cyclothymie disorder

Answer 51

chronic cyclical pattern of mood disturbance, characterized by mild mood swings, of at least 2 years Neither the periods of elevated or depressed mood are severe enough to warrant a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.