Biology and behaviour

Question 1

2 basic types of cells

Answer 1

neurons
Glial cells

Question 2

How many neurons

Answer 2

86 billion neurons

Question 3

Neurons are the

Answer 3

most important cells for the unique functions of the brain

Question 4

A neuron processes and transmits info

Answer 4

electrical (action
potential) and chemical (neurotransmiitters)
signaling.

Question 5

What are synapses

Answer 5

Chemical signaling

Question 6

Neuron consists of

Answer 6

Dendrites
Soma
Axon

Question 7

Core components of nervous system

Answer 7

brain, spinal cord, peripheral ganglia

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

That act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from
other neural cells to the cell body, or soma,

Question 9

Soma

Answer 9

the nucleus,
* rough endoplasmic reticulum, (protein synthesis)
* the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, (the proteins are * folded and given their 3D structure.) * the Golgi apparatus (sorting the proteins ) * the mitochondria.

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

chromosomes which contain the genetic
material DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 11

Gene expression begins

Answer 11

In the nucleus

Question 12

DNA-Transcription-mRNA-translation-protein

Question 13

Axon

Answer 13

is unique to the neuron and is
specialized for the transfer of
information over distances in the
nervous system.

Question 14

Where is the central nervous system

Answer 14

encased in
bone; the brain and the spinal cord

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

Cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
Basal ganglia
Olfactory bulb

Question 16

Right cerebral hemisphere

Answer 16

receives sensations from, and controls movement of the left side of the body.

Question 17

Left cerebral hemisphere

Answer 17

associated with sensations and
movement of the right side of the body.

Question 18

Cerebral cortex

Answer 18

outer most
to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain.

Question 19

Key role of cerebrum

Answer 19

memory, attention, perceptual awareness,
thought, language, and consciousness.

Question 20

Types of cerebral cortex

Answer 20

Hippocampus
Olfactory cortex
Neocortex

Question 21

Hippocampus

Answer 21

Short term, long term memory + spinal navigation

Question 22

Olfactory cortex

Answer 22

Involved in olfaction

Question 23

Neocortex

Answer 23

Sensory perception
Generation of motor commands
Spatial reasoning
Conscious thought
Language

Question 24

Neocortex sections

Answer 24

4 -
frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe,
Temporal lobe

Question 25

Cerebellum

Answer 25

Motor behaviours, particularly automatic movements

Question 26

Cerebellum connected to

Answer 26

cerebrum and spinal cord

Question 27

Brain stem

Answer 27

Pons Medulla oblongata Midbrain

Question 28

Thalamus

Answer 28

regulates sleep ans wakefulness — relays between different subcortial areas and cerebral cortex

Question 29

Somatic nervous system

Answer 29

Part of peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements

Question 30

Somatic nervous system consists

Answer 30

nerves responsible for relaying sensation from the body to the central nervous system (CNS); and nerves responsible for sending out commands from the CNS to the body, stimulating muscle contraction; they include all the non-sensory neurons connected with skeletal muscles and skin.

Question 31

Automatic nervous system

Answer 31

Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Enteric division

Question 32

Sympathetic division “fight or flight”

Answer 32

increased heart rate Lower blood preassure Increase digestive functions

Question 33

Parasympathetic “rest and digest”

Answer 33

calming of the nerves return to regular function, and enhances digestion.

Question 34

Enteric division

Answer 34

rks control many of the physiological processes involved in the transport and digestion of food, from oral to anal openings

Question 35

Hypothalamus

Answer 35

Produce discrete and sensory or motor deficit Integrates somatic and visceral responses.

Question 36

Homeostasis

Answer 36

The hypothalamus regulates these levels in response to a changing external environment. This regulatory process is called homeostasis: the maintenance of the body’s internal environment within a narrow physiological range.

Question 37

Homeostasis

Answer 37

In addition to thermoregulation, other examples of homeostasis include the tight regulation of blood volume, pressure, salinity, acidity, and blood oxygen and glucose regulation.