PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE

Question 1

is there a link between psychosocial distress and CVD?

Answer 1

yes - stress/emotional factors is a risk factor and has been proven to be comparable to conventional risk factors like hypertension and obesity

Question 2

what is an impairment?

Answer 2

loss or abnormality of psychological, psyiological or anatomical structure or function (functional loss)

Question 3

what is a disability?

Answer 3

a restriction or lack of abiliy to perform an activity in the manner considered normal for a human being (activity limitations)

Question 4

what is handicap?

Answer 4

a disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or disability that limits/prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal (a societal disadvantage)

Question 5

what determines whether a stress response is elicited?

Answer 5

if the individual appraises the event as stressful and secondary appraisal (do you have the resources to cope)

Question 6

what are Bowlbys stages of grief?

Answer 6

numbness
yearning
disorganisation
reorganisation

Question 7

what are the Kuber-Ross stages of grief?

Answer 7

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

Question 8

what is loss-orientated grief?

Answer 8

focuses on coping with bereavement, the loss itself, recognizing it and accepting it

Question 9

what is restoration orientated grief?

Answer 9

Restoration-oriented stressors are things that let you get on with daily life and distract you from your grief for a while e.g. really focussing on school work

Question 10

what is cardiac neurosis?

Answer 10

A psychiatric disorder in which the patient experiences chest pain, breathlessness, rapid pulse, fatigue and palpitations but with no underlying cardiac pathology. It is considered a form of anxiety disorder.

Question 11

in what 2 situations does cardiac neurosis typically develop?

Answer 11

• in someone who knows someone who has been recently diagnosed as suffering from a cardiac condition
• in someone in the period following an MI

Question 12

what is the health belief model?

Answer 12

a theoretical model that is used to explain and predict individual changes in health behaviours.

Question 13

what does the health belief model do?

Answer 13

It defines the key factors that influence health behaviours…

• percieved seriousness
• percieved susceptibility
• perceieved benefits and barriers
• self efficacy
• cues to action

Question 14

outline the stages of change model?

Answer 14

pre contempation
contemplating
determination
action
relapse
maintenance

Question 15

what is the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 15

A theory that can predict an individual’s intention to engage in a behavior at a specific time and place

Question 16

what are the 6 constructs of the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 16

• attitudes
• behavioural intention
• subjective norms - do most people approve or disapprove of this behaviour
• social norms
• perceived power - the factor perceived to facilitate or impede the performance of behaviour
• perceived behavioural control

Question 17

what are the limitations of the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 17

it assumes the person has the opportunities and resources to be successful in performing the desrired behaviour
it does not account for other variables that factor into behaviour intention e.g. fear, threatm mood, previosu experience
it assumes behaviour is a result of linear decision making