CARDIAC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Flashcards
what are cardiac symptoms?
chest pain pulmonary oedema syptoms e.g. breathlessness, orthopnoea, PND, prink frothy sputum, cold and clammy syncope palpitations haemoptysis cough oedema fatigue
what cardinal signs do we look for in the hands?
temp cap refill peripheral cyanosis clubbing splinter haemorrhages oslers nodes janeway lesions
what cardinal signs do we look for in the arms?
radial pulse rate and rhythm changes
collapsing pulse
change in bp
what cardinal signs do we look for in the face and neck?
malar flush conjunctival pallor corneal arcus xanthelasma central cyanosis under tongue petechial haemorrhages poor dental hygiene JVP raised
what cardinal signs do we loo for on the chest?
chest deformities scars visible apex beat distended veins over precordium apex beat position, character changes parasternal heave thrills and palpable heart sounds murmurs
what is cap refill >2 seconds associated with?
hypoperfusion
what is clubbing associated with?
cyanotic congenital heart disease
what do splinter haemorrhages mean?
infective endocarditis
what do oslers nodes indicate?
infective endocarditis
what do janeway lesions indicate?
infective endocarditis
what is malar flush commonly associated with?
mitral valve stenosis
what does xanthelasma indicate?
hyperlipidaemia
what is poor dental hygeiene a risk for?
infective endocarditis
what are some differential diagnoses for chest pain?
MI angina aortic dissection pericarditis PE pneumothorax anxiety or panic attack musculoskeletal pleurisy costochondritis gastritis pneumonia oesophageal spasm
what are some distinguishable features of MI chest pain?
crushign central pain that can refer to left arm or neck
what are some distinguishable features of angina chest pain?
chest pressure and discomfort that is usually associated with exertion or emotional stress
what are some distinguishable features of aortic dissection chest pain?
tearing chest pain of very sudden onset that may radiate to the back
what are some distinguishable features of pericarditis chest pain?
retrosternal pain that is relieved by sitting forward
it may radiate to the trapezius ridge/neck/shoulder
what are some distinguishable features of pulmonary embolism chest pain?
pleuritic with dyspnoea and haemoptysis
what are some distinguishable features of pneumonia chest pain?
pleuritic with fever, SOB, productive cough
what are some distinguishable features of pneumothorax chest pain?
sudden onset pleuritic
what are some distinguishable features of pleurisy chest pain?
pleuritic that may be accompanied by dry cough, fever and dyspnoea
what are some distinguishable features of musculoskeltal chest pain?
sharp chest pain that is exacerbated by movement and inspiration - also clearly localised and exacerbated by palpitation
what are some distinguishable features of costochondral chest pain?
worse wirh coughing, twisting and physical activity
