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xB13W3 > CARDIAC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS > Flashcards

CARDIAC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Flashcards

1
Q

what are cardiac symptoms?

A 
chest pain
pulmonary oedema syptoms e.g. breathlessness, orthopnoea, PND, prink frothy sputum, cold and clammy
syncope
palpitations
haemoptysis
cough
oedema
fatigue
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2
Q

what cardinal signs do we look for in the hands?

A 
temp
cap refill
peripheral cyanosis
clubbing
splinter haemorrhages
oslers nodes
janeway lesions
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3
Q

what cardinal signs do we look for in the arms?

A

radial pulse rate and rhythm changes
collapsing pulse
change in bp

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4
Q

what cardinal signs do we look for in the face and neck?

A 
malar flush
conjunctival pallor
corneal arcus
xanthelasma
central cyanosis under tongue
petechial haemorrhages
poor dental hygiene 
JVP raised
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5
Q

what cardinal signs do we loo for on the chest?

A 
chest deformities
scars
visible apex beat
distended veins over precordium
apex beat position, character changes
parasternal heave
thrills and palpable heart sounds
murmurs
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6
Q

what is cap refill >2 seconds associated with?

A

hypoperfusion

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7
Q

what is clubbing associated with?

A

cyanotic congenital heart disease

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8
Q

what do splinter haemorrhages mean?

A

infective endocarditis

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9
Q

what do oslers nodes indicate?

A

infective endocarditis

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10
Q

what do janeway lesions indicate?

A

infective endocarditis

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11
Q

what is malar flush commonly associated with?

A

mitral valve stenosis

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12
Q

what does xanthelasma indicate?

A

hyperlipidaemia

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13
Q

what is poor dental hygeiene a risk for?

A

infective endocarditis

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14
Q

what are some differential diagnoses for chest pain?

A 
MI
angina
aortic dissection
pericarditis
PE
pneumothorax
anxiety or panic attack
musculoskeletal
pleurisy
costochondritis
gastritis 
pneumonia
oesophageal spasm
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15
Q

what are some distinguishable features of MI chest pain?

A

crushign central pain that can refer to left arm or neck

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16
Q

what are some distinguishable features of angina chest pain?

A

chest pressure and discomfort that is usually associated with exertion or emotional stress

17
Q

what are some distinguishable features of aortic dissection chest pain?

A

tearing chest pain of very sudden onset that may radiate to the back

18
Q

what are some distinguishable features of pericarditis chest pain?

A

retrosternal pain that is relieved by sitting forward

it may radiate to the trapezius ridge/neck/shoulder

19
Q

what are some distinguishable features of pulmonary embolism chest pain?

A

pleuritic with dyspnoea and haemoptysis

20
Q

what are some distinguishable features of pneumonia chest pain?

A

pleuritic with fever, SOB, productive cough

21
Q

what are some distinguishable features of pneumothorax chest pain?

A

sudden onset pleuritic

22
Q

what are some distinguishable features of pleurisy chest pain?

A

pleuritic that may be accompanied by dry cough, fever and dyspnoea

23
Q

what are some distinguishable features of musculoskeltal chest pain?

A

sharp chest pain that is exacerbated by movement and inspiration - also clearly localised and exacerbated by palpitation

24
Q

what are some distinguishable features of costochondral chest pain?

A

worse wirh coughing, twisting and physical activity

25
Q

what are some distinguishable features of GERD chest pain?

A

retrosternal burning related to meals, lying down and straining

26
Q

what are some distinguishable features of oesophageal spasm chest pain?

A

intermittend crushing sub-sternal pain thats associated with dysphagia

27
Q

what is vasodepressor syncope

A

when you faint because your body overreacts to certain triggers, such as the sight of blood or extreme emotional distress

28
Q

what is carotid sinus hypersensitivity?

A

an exaggerated response to carotid sinus baroreceptor stimulation. It results in dizziness or syncope from transient diminished cerebral perfusion.

xB13W3 (7 decks)

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