Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

xB13W3 > PBL 1 > Flashcards

PBL 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is ischaemic heart disease?

A

heart problems caused by narrowed coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the types of ischaemic heart disease?

A

stable angina
unstable angina
NSTEMi
STEMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the risk factors for ischaemic heart disease?

A 
hypertension
hypercholesterolinemia
diabetes mellitus
smoking
obese
not enough physical activity
FHx
older age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a myocardial infarction?

A

myocardial necrosis due to ischaemic often caused by ischaemic heart disease of the coronary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 most commonly blocked coronary arteries in an MI?

A

LAD
right coronary
left circumflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the left anterior descending artery supply?

A

blood to the anterior wall and septum of left ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply?

A

right ventricle and atrium

SA and AV nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the left circumflex artery supply?

A

lateral wall of left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

outline the structure of the heart wall?

A

endocardium lines inside, myocardium and epucardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a subendocardial infarct?

A

when only the inner 1/3rd of the myocardium is affected - this is also known as an NSTEMI as we dont see ST elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a transmural infarct?

A

after about 3-6 hours the zone of necrosis extends across endocardium, myocardium and epicardium - also known as a STEMI as we see ST elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the earliest ECG change you can see in an MI?

A

tall T waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how many myocardiocytes do you lose per second during an MI?

A

500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are symptoms of an MI?

A 
severe central crushing chest pain that may radiate to left arm, neck, jaw, ear
tachycardia
diaphoresis
nausea
fatigue
dyspnoea
anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a silent MI?

A

an MI with no/mild symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do we diagnose an MI?

A

ECG

blood - tropinin I, T and CK-MB

17
Q

why does troponin increase in an MI?

A

cardiomyocytes are damaged and eventually membranes break down due to a build up of toxins = leaking troponin

18
Q

how long does it take for troponin levels to return to normal after an MI?

A

up to 14 days

19
Q

how long does it take for CK-MB

A

48 hours (useful to diagnosing reinfarctuon)

20
Q

what are complications of an MI?

A 
arrhythmias
cardiogenic shock
pericarditis
myocardial ruture
heart failure
21
Q

what are some non-pharmacological interventions for an MI?

A

primary percuatenous coronary intervtnitoon
angioplasty
adressing underlying risk factors e.g. improving diet and managing stress

22
Q

what is reperfusion injury?

A

a complication of establishing re-perfusion after an MI. the blood flowing back brings an influx of Ca2+ which can cause irreversibly damaged cells to contract and get stuck like this, a lot of O2 is also suddenly brought back which can form free radicals

23
Q

outline the Vaughan-Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A 
class 1 - Na+ channel blockers
class 2 - beta blockers
class 3 - K+ channel blockers
class 4 - Ca2+ channel blockers
24
Q

what are examples of Na+ channel blockers for anti arrhythmia?

A

wuinidine
procainamide
lidocaine
phenytoin

propafenone

25
Q

what are examples of beta blockers used for arrhythmias?

A

propanolol

metoprolol

26
Q

what are examples of K+ channel blockers used for arrhythmias?

A

amiodarone and sotalol

27
Q

what are examples of Ca2+ channel blockers used for arrhythmias?

A

verapamil and dibiazem

28
Q

what do class 1a Na+ channel blockers do?

A

lengthen the action potential

29
Q

what do class 1b Na+ channel blockers do?

A

shortens the action potential

30
Q

what do class 1c Na+ channel blockers do?

A

has no significant efect on action potential butcauses a huge reduction in phase 0 slope

31
Q

what branches does the left coronary artery give?

A

left anteror descending - gives rise to diagonal branches

left circumflex - this gives rise to the left marginal artery

32
Q

what does the right coronary artery branch into?

A

right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery

xB13W3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions