PBL 2 Flashcards
what is stable angina pectoris?
> 70% stenosis of an artery leading to chest discomfort and associated syptoms precipitated by exertion and are releived by rest (blood flow cant meet demands of the myocardium during exercise)
how long do angina symptoms usually last?
2-5 minutes
what is unstable angina?
chest discomfort duirng exercise, stress and rest - risk of progression to an MI
what is vasospastic angina?
ischaemia and chest pain due to coronary artery vasospasms reducing blood flow enough to cause ischaemia
epsidoes sont correlate with exertion ans can happen at any time
what do you see on an ECG of vasospastic angina and why?
ST elevation as it cause stransmural ischaemia
whats the major difference between angina and MI?
in angina the injury to cardiomyocytes isnt permenant and they dont die
would would you see on an ECG of angina if anuthign at all?
ST depression as its a subendothelial infact
what drugs can we give for angina?
nitrates
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
potassium channel blockers
how do nitrates help relieve angina?
they cause vasodilation of coronary vessels which reduces venticular pressure and O2 requirements of the heart
how do potassium channel blockers relieve angina?
they activates ATP sensitive K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle causign hyperpolarisation and closure of ca2+ channels = decreased intracellular Ca2+ = relaxation of smooth muscle
how do beta blockers relieev angina?
bidn to beta adrenergic receptors, blocking sympathetic stimulation
how do we manage cholesterol?
lifestyle choices and statins
what are statins moa
inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which is involved in production of cholesterol
what are examples of statins?
atorvastatin
lovastatin
pitavastatin
pravastatin
what are common side effects of statins?
muscle pain
nightmares
sleep problems
liver and kidney failure
