Psycholgical Treatments

Question 1

What are the three basic musts according to Ellis (1997)?

Answer 1

• People must approve of everything I do.
• Other people must treat me well.
• I must get what I want and not what I do not want.

Question 2

How can viewing demands as goals rather than essentials help individuals?

Answer 2

It can ease negative feelings and behaviors associated with unhelpful beliefs.

Question 3

What is Beck’s cognitive restructuring?

Answer 3

The process of identifying and challenging negative thoughts.

Question 4

According to Aaron Beck, what causes depression?

Answer 4

Irrational beliefs about the self, the world, and the future.

Question 5

What role does interpretation of events play in depression?

Answer 5

It can lead to depressive symptoms based on how we interpret those events.

Question 6

What is psychoeducation in cognitive therapy?

Answer 6

Teaching clients about the links between thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Question 7

What is the purpose of homework exercises in cognitive therapy?

Answer 7

To increase awareness of situations that trigger negative thinking.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The therapist asks questions to help the client analyze and reflect on their thoughts, a process known as _______.

Answer 8

Socratic questioning

Question 9

What is the overall goal of cognitive therapy?

Answer 9

To help people rely less on dysfunctional beliefs and more on available evidence.

Question 10

True or False: The target of cognitive therapy is to replace negativity with positivity.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

How do cognitive therapists collaborate with their clients?

Answer 11

Using various techniques to support the restructuring process.

Question 12

What type of diary do clients keep in cognitive therapy?

Answer 12

A thought/mood diary to record thoughts and feelings.

Question 13

What can cognitive distortions lead to?

Answer 13

Problems in thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Question 14

How is the effectiveness of beliefs assessed in cognitive therapy?

Answer 14

By evaluating the evidence for and against their thoughts.

Question 15

What is the overall goal of helping clients in therapy?

Answer 15

To rely less on dysfunctional beliefs and more on available evidence when making attributions.

Question 16

What is the target of therapy regarding negativity and positivity?

Answer 16

To come to more objective, balanced views of the self, the world, and the future.

Question 17

What is the range of weekly sessions necessary for training new thinking strategies?

Answer 17

Between five and twenty weekly sessions.

Question 18

What does the ABC model stand for in Albert Ellis’s cognitive explanation of depression?

Answer 18

A stands for activating events, B for beliefs, and C for consequences.

Question 19

What is the focus of therapy according to the ABC model?

Answer 19

On our interpretation of events/situations rather than the events themselves.

Question 20

What does REBT stand for?

Answer 20

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy.

Question 21

What year was Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) developed?

Answer 21

1955.

Question 22

What is a key aspect that REBT focuses on?

Answer 22

The present, not the past.

Question 23

What are self-defeating thoughts?

Answer 23

Ideas that stop us from reaching our potential.

Question 24

What do REBT therapists help clients to reduce?

Answer 24

Negative emotions (e.g., guilt, anger) and behaviours (e.g., aggression, overeating).

Question 25

What are the ‘three musts’ referred to by Ellis?

Answer 25

Basic musts that affect happiness and day-to-day functioning.

Question 26

What term did Ellis use to describe the control of ‘the three musts’ over thoughts and feelings?

Answer 26

Musturbation.

Question 27

True or False: The goal of therapy is to completely replace negative thoughts with positive ones.

Answer 27

False.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The ABC model helps explain the interactions between how we think, feel, and _____.

Answer 28

act.