Psychobiology Flashcards
hormone found in the posterior pituitary gland conserves body water and maintains normal blood pressure.
ADH
called the “master gland”. It controls endocrine function and stores ADH and oxytocin
the pituitary gland
includes Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine
Monoamines
controls mood, cognition, perception, locomotion, cardiovascular functioning, sleep and arousal.
too little-depression
too much-mania, anxiety, schizophrenia
Norepinephrine
controls movement and coordination, emotions, voluntary judgement, release of prolactin.
too little- Parkinson’s
too much-Mania and schizophrenia
Dopamine
sleep, arousal, libido,appetite, mood, aggression, pain perception, coordination,judgment
too little- depression
too much -anxiety
serotonin
Calming effect, slowdown of body activity
too little-Huntington’s disease, anxiety, schizophrenia, and various forms of epilepsy
GABA
modulation of pain, feel good hormones
endorphins
Cholinergic that functions in sleep, arousal, pain perception, movement, and memory.
too little- Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s
too much- depression
Acetylcholine
integrates all sensory input (except smell) on way to cortex, some involvement with emotions, and mood.
Thalamus
regulates anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland; exerts control over actions of ANS, regulates appetite, and temperature.
hypothalamus
Responsible for visual, auditory, and balance(“righting”) reflexes.
Mesencephalon which is in the Midbrain
Regulation of respiration and skeletal muscle tone;
Pons
contains vital centers that regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration; reflex center for swallowing, sneezing, coughing, and vomiting.
Medulla
regulates muscle tone and coordination and maintains posture and equilibrium
Cerebellum
Hearing, short-term memory, and sense of smell; expression of emotions
temporal lobe
“emotional brain” associated with feelings of fear and anxiety;anger and aggression, love, joy, sexuality, social behavior.
limbic system
Dominant in stressful situations and prepares the body for “fight or flight” response
SNS
chemicals that convey information across the synaptic clefts to neighboring target cells.
neurotransmitters
These meds are contraindicated in:
- Known hypersensitivity
- CNS depression
- Presence of Parkinson’s disease
- Liver, renal, cardiac insufficiency
- Caution in elderly, debilitated, diabetic, respiratory insufficiency, intestinal obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy
Antipsychotics
- Report any sore throat, fever or flu like symptoms
- Prepare for photosensitivity—sunglasses, hats/caps, SPF
- Rise slowly from sitting position
Antipsychotic teaching
This class of anti-deppresants block re-uptake of serotonin.
- 1st line drugs for patients beginning treatment
ex. Zoloft, Prozac
SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)
blocks monamines which metabolize serotonin so there is more serotonin.
- high risk of hypertensive crisis
ex. Nardil, Marplan
MAOI’s
block reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, blocks action of acetylcholine.
- 1 week supply, don’t want to give them more than a 1 week supply, it can cause arrythmias
ex. Elavil, Sinequan
TCA’s
blocks the re-uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
ex. Effexor, and Cymbalta
SNRI (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
- Applied to all antidepressants
- Increased suicidality ideations in patients under 25 years.
- Not associated with an increase in completed suicides
Black box warning
