Delirium, dementia

Question 1

a mental state characterized by a disturbance of cognition, which is manifested by confusion, excitement, disorientation, and a clouding of consciousness.
-Hallucinations and illusions are common.

Answer 1

delirium

Question 2

• Rapid onset (over hours or days)
• caused secondary to another medical condition such as infection or substance abuse
• Impaired memory, judgement, ability to focus
• altered LOC** Key
• Restless, agitated, fluctuating mood
• sundowning may occur
• Reversible if treated promptly

Answer 2

Delirium

Question 3

• Gradual deterioration
• impairments in abstract thinking, memory, judgement, speech, agnosia
• LOC is usually unchanged
• personality change is gradual
• vital signs are stable unless other illness is present
• Irreversible and progressive
• Causes incluse: Alzheimer’s disease, TBI, Parkinson’s, other disorders affection the neuro system.

Answer 3

Dementia

Question 4

defined by a loss of previous levels of cognitive, executive, and memory function in a state of full alertness.

Answer 4

Dementia

Question 5

Classification of dementia, such as alzheimer’s in which the dementia itself is the major sign of some organic brain disease not directly r/t any other organic illness.

Answer 5

primary dementia

Question 6

dementia caused by or r/t another disease or condition such as HIV or cerebral trauma.

Answer 6

secondary dementia

Question 7

No apparent symptoms

Answer 7

Stage 1

Question 8

Forgetfulness

• The individual begins to lose things or forget names of people. Losses in short term memory are common.
• They may feel ashamed, anxious, or depressed

Answer 8

Stage 2

Question 9

Mild cognitive decline

• There is interference with work performance, which is noticeable to others.
• Difficulty recalling names or words.
• Decline in ability to plan and organize

Answer 9

Stage 3

Question 10

Mild-to-Moderate cognitive decline (confusion)

• depression, social withdrawal, confabulation
• May forget major events in personal hx such as child’s birthday
• declining ability to perform tasks such as shopping and managing finances

Answer 10

stage 4

Question 11

Moderate to severe cognitive decline (Middle dementia)

• Unable to recall major life events
• Disoriented to surroundings
• Urinary and fecal incontinence are common
• sleeping is a problem
• Wandering, obsessiveness, agitation, and aggression
• Sundowning

Answer 11

Stage 6

Question 12

Moderate cognitive decline (Early dementia)

• loss of ability to perform ADL’s
• -forget addresses, phone numbers, and names of close relatives.
• -Disoriented to person, place, or time
• Frustration, withdrawal

Answer 12

stage 5

Question 13

This area of the brain controls hearing, speech and language

Answer 13

the parietal lobe

Question 14

This part of the brain directs our emotional responses.

Answer 14

the amygdala

Question 15

this part of the brain allows us to problem solve, plan ahead, understand others and restrain our impulses.

Answer 15

the frontal lobe

Question 16

This type of dementia is caused by lack of adequate blood flow to the brain. The blood vessels are affective and progressive intellectual deterioration occurs.

• 2nd most common type of dementia
• HTN is most significant risk factor

Answer 16

vascular dementia

Question 17

The inability to retain or recall past experiences.

-May be temp. or permanent, depending of cause.

Answer 17

amnesia

Question 18

• inability to learn new info despite normal attention
• events from the past are recalled more easily then recent events
• different from dementia in that their is no impairment in abstract thinking or judgment, no other disturbances of higher cortical function, and no personality change.

Answer 18

amnesia

Question 19

is the loss of memories that formed BEFORE a trauma such as brain injury
i.e- a person wandering around the street not knowing who they are.

Answer 19

retrograde amnesia

Question 20

Loss of memory for the time AFTER an injury

Answer 20

anterograde amnesia

Question 21

causes include head trauma, cerebrovasular disease, cerebral neoplastic disease, cerebral anoxia, herpes simplex encephalitis, poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes and brain surgery.

Answer 21

amnesia

Question 22

The latest stage of dementia.

• The person is chair bound or bed bound.
• May be in a coma
• Death usually occurs by infection, aspiration, or sepsis

Answer 22

stage 7

Question 23

impaired ability to carry out motor activities

Answer 23

apraxia

Question 24

failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function

Answer 24

agnosia

Question 25

Herbal remedy used to help improve memory should not use of on ASA, Plavix, Warfarin, or other anticoagulates- may reduce platelet levels

Answer 25

Gingko Biloba

Question 26

major antioxidant, slows cellular aging

Answer 26

vitamin E