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Psychoactive drug intoxication & withdrawal Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What is Depressant intoxication like?

A
  • Nonspecific
  • Mood elevation
  • Dec anxiety
  • Sedation
  • Behavioral disinhibition
  • Resp depression
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2
Q

What does Depressant withdrawal look like?

A
  • Nonspecific
  • Anxiety
  • Tremor
  • Seizures
  • Insomnia
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3
Q

What does Alcohol intoxication look like?

A
  • Emotional lability
  • Slurred speech
  • Ataxia
  • Coma
  • Blackouts
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4
Q

What is Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)?

A

Sensitive indicator of alchohol use

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5
Q

What labs indicate alcohol intoxication?

A

AST value is twice ALT value

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6
Q

What is Mild alcohol withdrawal like?

A

Sx similar to other depressants

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7
Q

What is severe alcohol withdrawal like?

A

Can cause autonomic hyperactivity & DTs

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8
Q

What is the tx for DTs?

A

Benzodiazepines

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9
Q

What is Opioid intoxication like?

A
  • Euphoria
  • Resp & CNS depression
  • Dec gag reflex
  • Pupillary constriction
  • Seizures (overdose)
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10
Q

What is the tx for opiod intoxication?

A

Naloxone & naltrexone

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11
Q

What are the sx of Opiod withdrawal?

A
  • Sweating
  • Dilated pupils
  • Piloerection
  • Fever
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Yawning
  • N/V
  • Stomach cramps
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12
Q

What is the tx for Opiod withdrawal?

A
  • LT support
  • Methadone
  • Buprenorphine
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13
Q

What is Barbiturates intoxication?

A
  • Low safety margin
  • Marked resp depression
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14
Q

What is the tx for Barbituate intoxication?

A

Sx management (assist rsp, inc BP)

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15
Q

What are the sx of Barbiturate withdrawal?

A

Delirium & life-threatening CV collapse

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Benzodiazepine intoxication?

A
  • Greater safety margin
  • Ataxia
  • Minor resp depression
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17
Q

What is the tx for Benzodiazepine intoxication?

A

Flumazenil (competitive benzodiazepine antagonsit)

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18
Q

What are the sx of Benzodiazepine withdrawal?

A
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Depression
  • Rebound anxiety
  • Seizure (severe)
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19
Q

What are the sx of Stimulant intoxication?

A
  • Nonspecific
  • Mood elevation
  • Psychomotor agitation
  • Insomnia
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Tachycardia
  • Anxiety
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20
Q

What are the sx of Stimulant withdrawal?

A
  • Nonspecific
  • “Post-use” crash
  • Depression
  • Lethargy
  • Wt gain
  • HA
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21
Q

What are the sx of Amphetamine intoxication?

A
  • Euphoria
  • Grandiosity
  • Pupillary dilation
  • Prolonged wakefulness & attention
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • Anorexia
  • Paranoia
  • Fever
  • Severe: cardiac arrest, seizure
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22
Q

What are the sx of Ampheramine withdrawal?

A
  • Anhedonia
  • Inc appetite
  • Hypersomnolence
  • Existential crisis
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23
Q

What are the sx of Cocaine intoxication?

A
  • Impaired judgement
  • Pupillary dilation
  • Hallucinations
  • Paranoid ideations
  • Angina
  • Sudden cardiac death
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24
Q

What is the tx of cocaine intoxication?

A

Benzodiazepines

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25
What are the sx of Cocaine withdrawal?
* Hypersomnolence * Malaise * Severe Psychological craving * Depression/suicidality
26
What are the sx of Caffeine intoxication?
* Restlessness * Inc diuresis * Muscle twitching
27
What are the sx of Caffeine withdrawal?
Lack of concentration & HA
28
What are the sx of Nicotine intoxication?
Restlessness
29
What are the sx of Nicotine withdrawal?
* Irritability * Anxiety * Craving
30
What is the tx for Nicotine withdrawal?
* Nicotine patch, gum or lozenges * Bupropion/varenicline
31
What are the sx of PCP intoxication?
* Belligerence * Impulsiveness * Fever * Psychomotor agitation * Analgesia * Vertical & horizontal nystagmus * Tachycardia * Homicidality * Psychosis * Delirium * Seizures
32
What is the tx for PCP intoxication?
* Benzodiazepine * Rapid-acting antipsychotic
33
What are the sx of PCP withdrawal?
* Depression * Anxiety * Irritability * Restlessness * Anergia * Disturbances of though & sleep
34
What are the sx of LSD intoxication?
* Perceptual distortion (visual, auditory) * Depersonalization * Anxiety * Paranoia * Psychosis * Possible flashbacks
35
What are the sx of Marijuana intoxication?
* Euphoria * Anxiety * Paranoid delusions * Perception of slowed time * Impaired judgement * Social withdrawal * Inc appetite * Dry mouth * Conjuctival injection * Hallucinations
36
What is Dronabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol isomer) used for?
Rx used as antiemetic (chemotherapy) & appetite stimulant (AIDs)
37
What are the sx of Marijuana withdrawal?
* Irritability * Depression * Insomnia * Nausea * Anorexia
38
When do marijuana withdrawal sx peak?
48 hours & lasts for 5-7 days
39
How long is marijuana detectable in the urine?
4-10 days
40
What are Heroin uses at inc risk for?
* Hepatitis * Abscess * Overdose * Hemorrhoids * AIDs * Right-sided endocarditis
41
What should you look for in Heroin users?
Track marks (needle sticks in veins)
42
What is Methadone?
Long-acting opiate
43
What is Methadone used for?
Used for heroin detoxification or LT maintenance
44
What is Naoloxone + Buprenorphine?
Partial agonist; long acting w/ fewer sx than methadone
45
46
When is Naloxone not active?
Not active when taken orally, so w/drawal sx occur only if injected (lower abuse potential)
47
What is Alcoholism?
Physiologic tolerance & dependence w/ sx of w/drawal when intake is interrupted
48
What are the complications of alcoholism?
* Alcoholic cirrhosis * Hepatitis * Pancreatitis * Peripheral neuropathy * Testicular atrophy
49
What is the tx for alcoholism?
* Disulfiram * Supportive care * AA & peer support
50
What is Disulfiram used for?
To condition pts to abstain from alcohol use
51
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff synd caused by?
Thiamine (B1) deficiency
52
What is the Triad of Wernicke encephalopathy?
* Confusion * Ophthalmoplegia * Ataxia
53
What are the sx of Korsakoff's psychosis?
* May progress to irreversible memorry loss * Confuabulation * Personality change
54
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff synd assoc w/?
Periventricular hemorrhage/necrosis of mammillary bodies
55
What is the tx for Wernicke-Korsakoff synd?
IV vitamin B1 (thiamine) 1st & then glucose
56
What is Mallory-Weiss synd?
Longitudinal lacerations at the gastroesphageal junction caused by excessive vomiting
57
What does Mallory-Weiss synd present w/?
Hematemesis Assoc w/ pain
58
What are Delirium tremens (DTs)?
Life-threatening alcohol w/drawal synd taht peaks 2-5 days after last drink
59
What are the sx in order of appearance in Delirium tremens?
* Autonomic system hyperactivity * Psychotic sx * Confusion
60
What are the sx of autonomic system hyperactivity?
* Tachycardia * Tremors * Anxiety * Seizures
61
What are psychotic sx?
Hallucinations & delusions
62
What is the tx for Delirium tremens?
Benzodiazepines

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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