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Psychiatry > Memory & Cognition > Flashcards

Memory & Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the NT change w/ Anxiety?

A
  • Dec NE
  • Inc GABA
  • Dec serotonin (5-HT)
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2
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Depression?

A
  • Dec NE
  • Dec serotonin (5-HT)
  • Dec dopamine
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3
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Alzheimer’s?

A

Dech ACh, NE & Glutamate

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4
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Huntington’s?

A
  • Dec GABA
  • Dec ACh
  • Inc dopamine
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5
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Schizophrenia?

A

Inc Dopamine

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6
Q

What are the NT changes w/ Parkinson’s dz?

A
  • Dec dopamine
  • Inc serotonin
  • Inc ACh
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7
Q

What is Orientation?

A

Pt’s ability to know who & where he/she is & the date/time

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8
Q

What are the common causes of loss of orientation?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Drugs
  • Fluid/electrolyte imbalance
  • Head trauma
  • Hypogylcemia
  • Nutritional deficiencies
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9
Q

What is the order of loss of orientation?

A
  1. Time
  2. Place
  3. Person
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10
Q

What is Retrograde amnesia?

A

Inability to remember things taht occured before a CNS insult

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11
Q

What is Anterograde amnesia?

A

Inability to remember things that occured AFTER a CNS insult (no new memory)

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12
Q

What is Korsakoff’s amnesia?

A

Classic anterograde amnesia caused by Thiamine (B1) def & assoc destruction of mamillary bodies. May also have retrograde amnesia

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13
Q

What is Korsakoff’s amnesia assoc w/?

A

Alcoholics & confabulations

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14
Q

What is Dissociative amnesia?

A

Inability to recall important personal info, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress

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15
Q

What is a Cognitive disorder?

A

Significant change in cognition from previous level of functioning

(Delirium & dementia)

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16
Q

What is cognition?

A

Memor, attention, language & judgement

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17
Q

What are cognitive disorers assoc w/?

A
  • ABN in CNS
  • General medical cond
  • Medications
  • Substance use
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18
Q

What is Delirium?

A

Waxing & waning level of consciousness w/ acute onset; rapid dec in attention span & level of arousal

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19
Q

What is Delirium characterized by?

A
  • Disorganzied thinking
  • Hallucinations (often visual)
  • Illusions
  • Misperceptions
  • Disturbance in sleep-wake cycle
  • Cognitive dysfunction
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20
Q

Delirium is usually 2° to ____ ____.

A

Other illness

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21
Q

What is the MC presentation of altered mental status in an inpatient setting?

A

Delirium

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22
Q

What are the tech features of Delirium?

A

ABN EEG

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23
Q

What is the tx for Delirium?

A
  • Identify & address underlying cause
  • Optimize brain cond
  • Antipsychotics (haloperidol)
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24
Q

What is Dementia?

A

Gradual dec in intellectual ability of “cognition” w/o affecting level of consciousness

25
Q

What is Dementia characterized by?

A
  • Memory deficits
  • Aphasia
  • Apraxia
  • Agnosia
  • Loss of abstract thought
  • Behavioral/personality changes
  • Impaired judgement
26
Q

What can Dementia pts develop?

A

Delirium

27
Q

What causes Dementia?

A
  • Alzheimer’s dz
  • Cerebral vascular infarcts
  • HIV
  • Pick’s dz
  • Chronic substance abuse
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob dz
  • NPH
28
Q

What does Dementia inc w/?

A

Age

29
Q

What are the tech features of Dementia?

A

Normal EEG

30
Q

What is Psychotic disorder?

A

A distorted perception of reality (psychosis) characterized by delusions, hallucinations &/o disorganized thinking

31
Q

Who can psychosis be present in?

A

Pts w/ medical illness, psychiatric illness or both

32
Q

What are the signs of psychosis?

A
  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Disorganized speech
33
Q

What are Hallucinations?

A

Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli

34
Q

What are Delusions?

A

False beliefs about oneself or others that persist despite the facts

35
Q

What is Disorganized speech?

A

Words & ideas are strung together based on sounds, puns or “loose associations”

36
Q

What are the different types of Hallucination?

A
  • Visual
  • Auditory
  • Olfactory
  • Gustatory
  • Tactile
  • Hypagogic
  • Hypnopompic
37
Q

What are Visual Hallucinations?

A

MC a feature of medical illness than psychiatric illness

38
Q

What are Auditory Hallucinations?

A

MC a feature of psychiatric illness than medical illness

39
Q

What are Olfactory Hallucinations?

A

Often occur as an aura of psychomotor epilepsy & in brain tumors

40
Q

What are Gustatory Hallucinations?

A

Rare

41
Q

What are Tactile Hallucinations?

A

Common in alcohol withdrawal & cocaine abusers

42
Q

What are Hypagogic Hallucinations?

A

Occurs while going to sleep

43
Q

What are Hypnopompic Hallucinations?

A

Occurs while waking from sleep

44
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

Chronic mental disorder w/ periods of psychosis, disturbed behavior & thought, & decline in fucntioning lasts >6 mo

45
Q

What is Schizophrenia assoc w/?

A

Inc dopaminergic activity & dec dendritic branching

46
Q

Dx of Schizophrenia requires 2 or more of the following sx:

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations- often auditory
  • Disorganized speech (loose assoc)
  • Disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • Negative sx
47
Q

What are the Negative sx?

A
  • Flat affect
  • Social withdrawal
  • Lack of motivation
  • Lack of speech or thought
48
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of Schizophrenia?

A
  • Paranoid (delusions)
  • Disorganized (w/ regard to speech, behavior & affect)
  • Catatonic (automatisms)
  • Undiff (elements of all types)
  • Residual
49
Q

What is Brief psychotic disorder?

A

<1 month usually stress related

50
Q

What is the duration Schizophreniform disorder?

A

1-6 months

51
Q

What is Schizoaffective disorder?

A

At least 2 weeks of stable mood w/ psychotic sx, plus a major depressive, manic or mixed (both) episode

52
Q

What are the 2 subyptes of Schizoaffective disorder?

A

Bipolar or Depressive

53
Q

What contributes to the etiology of Schizophrenia?

A

Genetics & environment

54
Q

What is assoc w/ psychosis/schizophrenia in teens?

A

Frequent cannabis use

55
Q

Who gets Schizophrenia?

A
  • Males=females
  • Blacks=whites
  • Presents earlier in men (teens to 20s)
  • Women (20 to 30s)
56
Q

What are Schizophrenic pts at risk for?

A

Inc risk of suicide

57
Q

What is Delusional disorder?

A

Fixed, persistent, nonbizarre belief system lasting >1 month. Functioning otherwise not impaired

58
Q

What is Share psychotic disorder (folie à deux)?

A

Development of delusions in a person in a close relationship w/ someone w/ delusional disorder

59
Q

What is the prognosis of Shared psychotic disorder?

A

Often resolves upon separation

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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