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Psychiatry > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Classical conditioning?

A

Learning in which a natural response is elicited by a condition, or learned, stimulus that preveiously was presented in conjuction w/ an uncond stim

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2
Q

What is an example of Classical conditioning?

A

Pavlov’s classical experiments w/ dogs→ ringing the bell provoked salivation

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3
Q

What is Operant conditioning?

A

Learning in which a particular action is elicited b/c it produces a reward

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4
Q

What is postive reinforcement?

A

Desired reward produces action

(mouse presses buttong to get food)

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5
Q

What is Negative reinforcement?

A

Target behavior (response) is followed by removal of aversive stimulus

(mouse presses button to turn of continuous loud noise

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6
Q

What is Punishment?

A

Repeated application of aversive stim extinguishes unwanted behavior

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7
Q

What is Extinction?

A

Discontinuation of reinforcement (+ or -) eventually eliminates behavior

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8
Q

What is Transference?

A

Pt projects feelings about formative or other important persons into physician

(psychiastrist is seen as parent)

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9
Q

What is Countertransference?

A

Doctor pojects feeling about formative or other important persons onto pt

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10
Q

What are Ego defenses?

A

Unconscious mental processes used to resolve conflict & prevent undesirable feelings

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11
Q

What are immature defenses?

A
  • Acting out
  • Dissociation
  • Denial
  • Displacement
  • Fixation
  • Identification
  • Isolation (of affect)
  • Projection
  • Rationalization
  • Reaction Formation
  • Regression
  • Repression
  • Splitting
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12
Q

What is Acting out?

A

Unacceptable feelings & thoughts are expressed through actions

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13
Q

What is an example of acting out?

A

Tantrums

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14
Q

What is Dissociation?

A

Temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress

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15
Q

What is an example of Dissociation?

A

Extreme forms can result in dissociative indentity disorder (multiple personality disorder)

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16
Q

What is Denial?

A

Avoidance of awareness of some painful reality

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17
Q

What is an example of Denial?

A

A common reaction in newly dx AIDS & cancer pts

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18
Q

What is Displacement?

A

Process whereby avoided ideas & feelings are transferred to some neutral person or object

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19
Q

What is an example of Displacement?

A

Mother yells at child b/c her husband yelled at her

20
Q

What is Fixation?

A

Parially remaining at a more childish levle of development

21
Q

What is an example of Fixation?

A

Men fixating on sports games

22
Q

What is Identification?

A

Modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful (though not necessarily admired)

23
Q

What is an example of Identification?

A

Abused child indentifies himself/herself w/ an abuser

24
Q

What is Isolation (of affect)?

A

Separation of feelings from ideas & events

25
Q

What is an example of Isolation (of affect)?

A

Describing murder in graphic detail w/ no emotional response

26
Q

What is projection?

A

An unacceptable internal impulse is attributed to an external source

27
Q

What is an example of projection?

A

A man who wants another woman thinks his wife is cheating on him

28
Q

What is Rationalization?

A

Proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self-blame

29
Q

What is an example of Rationalization?

A

After getting fired, claiming that the job was not important anyway

30
Q

What is a Rection formation?

A

Process whereby a warded-off idea or feeling is replaced by an (unconsciously derived) emphasis on its opposite

31
Q

What is an example of Reaction formation?

A

A pt w/ libidinous thoughs enters a monastery

32
Q

What is Regression?

A

Turning back the maturational clock & going back to earlier modes of dealing w/ the world

33
Q

What is an example of Regression?

A

Seen in children under stress such as illness, punishment, or birth of a new sibling

34
Q

What is Repression?

A

Involuntary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness

35
Q

What is an example of regression?

A

Not remembering a conflictual or traumatic experience; pressing bad throughts into the unconscious

36
Q

What is Splitting?

A

Belief taht people are either all good or all bad at diff times d/t intolerance of ambiguity

37
Q

What is Splitting seen in?

A

Borderline personality disorder

38
Q

What is an example of Splitting?

A

A pt says that all the nurses are cold & insensitive but that the doctors are warm & friendly

39
Q

What are the Mature defenses?

A
  • Altruism
  • Humor
  • Sublimination
  • Suppression
40
Q

What is Altruism?

A

Guilty feelings alleviated by unsolicited generosity toward others

41
Q

What is an example of Altruism?

A

Mafia boss makes a large donation to charity

42
Q

What is Humor?

A

Appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation

43
Q

What is an example of Humor?

A

Nervous medical student jokes about the boards

44
Q

What is Sublimation?

A

Voluntary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness

45
Q

What is an example of Sublimation?

A

Chossing not to think about the USMLE until the week of the exam

Psychiatry (6 decks)

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