Childhood Pathology Flashcards
What does LT deprivation of affection result in?
- Dec muscle tone
- Poor language & socialization skills
- Lack of basic trust
- Anaclitic depression
- Wt loss
- Physical illness
What is anaclitic drepression?
Infant withdrawn/unresponsive
What are the 4 W’s of infant deprivation?
- Weak
- Wordless
- Wanting (socially)
- Wary
What can deprivation for >6mo lead to?
Irreversible changes
What can severe deprivation result in?
Infant death
What is the evidence of Physical child abuse?
- Healed fx on X-ray
- Burns (cigarette, scalding)
- Subdural hemorrhage
- Multiple bruises
- Retinal hemorrhage or detachment
What is the evidence of Sexual child abuse?
- Genital, anal or oral trauma
- STI’s
- UTI’s
Who is typically the abuser in Physical child abuse?
Male caregiver
Who is typically the abuse in Sexual child abuse?
Known to victim, usually male
How many deaths happen from Physical child abuse in the US?
~3,000 deaths/year
What is the age group for Physical child abuse?
80% <3yo
What is the Peak incidence of age for Sexual child abuse?
9-12 yo
What is child neglect?
Failure to provide a child w/ adequate food, shelter, supervision, education &/or affection
What is the MC form of child maltreatment?
Child neglect
What is the evidence of child neglect?
- Poor hygiene
- Malnutrition
- Withdrawal
- Impaired social/emotional dev
- Failure to thrive
What should be reported to child protective services?
Child abuse or neglect
What is the onset of ADHD?
Before age 7
What is ADHD?
Limited attention span & poor impulse control
What is ADHD characterized by?
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
- Inattention in multiple settings
What is the pt intelligence like in ADHD?
Normal intelligence but difficulties in school
What is the duration of ADHD?
Continues into adulthood in 50% of pts
What is ADHD assc w/?
Dec frontal lobe volumes
What is the tx of ADHD?
- Methylphenidate
- Amphetamines
- Atomoxetine
- Behavior interventions (reinforcement, rewards)
What is conduct disorder?
Repetitive & pervasive behavoir violating the basic rights of others (aggression, property destruction, theft)
After age 18 what do pt w/ conduct disorder meet criteria for?
Antisocial personality disorder
What is Oppositional defiant disorder?
Enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violation of social norms
What is the onset of Tourette’s synd?
Before age 18
What is Tourette’s synd characterized by?
Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motot & vocal tics taht persist for >1 year
The lifelong presence of Tourettes Synd is _____ in the general pop.
0.1-1.0%
What is Coprolalia?
Involulntary obscene speech
What % of Tourette pts is Coprolalia found in?
10-20% of pts
What is Tourette’s synd assoc w/?
OCD
What is the tx for Tourettes synd?
Antipsychotics & behavior therapy
What is the common age of onset of Separation anxiety disorder?
7-9 yo
What is Separation anxiety disorder?
Overwhelming fear of separation from home or loss of attachment figure
What can separation anxiety disorder lead to?
Factitious physical complaints to avoid going to or staying at school
What is the tx for separation anxiety disorder?
SSRIs & relaxation tech/behavioral interventions
What is Pervasive developmental disorder?
Characterized by difficulties w/ language & failure to acquire or early loss of social skills
What are the pervasive developmental disorders?
- Autistic disorder
- Asperger’s disorder
- Rett’s disorder
- Childhood distegrative disorder
What is Autistic disorder?
Severe language impairment & poor social interactions
What do Autistic pt’s have a greater focus on?
Objects>people
What is Autistic disorder characterized by?
Repetitive behavior & usually below-normal intelligence
What is Autistic disorder rarely accompanied by?
Unusual abilities (savants)
Who is autistic disorder MC in?
Boys
What is the tx for Autism?
Behavioral & supportive therapy to improve communication & social skills. Meds when appropriate
What is Asperger’s disorder?
Milder form of autism
What is Asperger’s disorder characterized by?
- All-absorbing interests
- Repetitive behavior
- Problems w/ social relationships
What is the intelligence like in Asperger’s disorder?
Children are of normal intelligence & lack verbal or cognitive deficits. No language impairment
What is Rett’s disorder?
X-linked disorder seen almost exclusively in girls (affected males die in utero or shortly after birth)
When do sx of Rett’s disorder become apparent?
Around ages 1-4
What is Rett’s disorder characterized by?
- Regression
- Loss of development
- Loss of verbal abilities
- Mental retardation
- Ataxia
- Stereotyped hand-writing
What is the age of onset of Childhood disintegrative disorder?
Common at 3-4 years
What is Childhood disintegrative disorder?
Marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after a least 2 years of apparently normal development
What do childhood disintegrative disorder pts have a significant loss of?
- Expression or receptive language skills
- Social skills or adaptive behavior
- Bowel or bladder control
- Play or motor skills
Who are childhood disintegrative disorders MC in?
Boys
