Psycho mental disorder Flashcards
abnormal behavior criteria (5)
1.Disturbance in percepetion, cognition, emotional regulation, behaviours
2.serious + prolongue distress
3.Abnormal behaviour within one’s culture
4.difficulting coping with life demands
dangerous to oneself/others
How are they diagnosed?
DSM 5: diagnosis manual, symptoms, causes
no treatments
historical perpections of psycho dissorders
middle ages
trephination
asylums
Pinel (1793)
Dorothea dix (1854)
-demons, torture, witches
-hole in the head
-reformed the system
-USA, hospital = better than asylums
Multiplicity of causes:
1.predisposing causes
2.precipitating causes
3.perpetuating causes:
1.does a person have genetic predisposition
2. what are events/actions/behaviours that have a chance to trigger disorder
3.what behaviour/situations will contribute to continuation
A) Anxiety Disorders:
1.Generalized anxiety disorder
2. specific phobia
3. Social anxiety disorder
4.panic dissorder
1.excessive anxiett, exagerated worries, anticipate disasters, inexplicable/continuous tensions, “what if”
2. intense, paralyzing fear in absence of real danger, avoidance
3.fear of being with other people, speaking in public, analyzing past interactions
agrophobia: fear of being in public places where no escape might be possible
4. Chest pain, sweating, dizziness, trouble breathing, shaking, fear of dying,
B) Trauma and stress dissorders
1. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
2.Schizophrenia spectrum
+ brief psychoti disorder
delusional disorder
Explainations
- Nightmaresm flashback, distress, lack of sleep, depression, avoidance behaviours
repeated/prolonged traumatic events
2.delusions, false beliefs, delusion of persecution, hallucinations, false sensation
+ symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disturbances of though/speech, disorganized behavior
- symptoms:apathy, social withdrawal, poor hygiene, limited speech
Brief: symptoms last + 1 day, -1 month
delusional: +1 month or more
too much dopamine, abnormal brain structure, diathesis, stress model
C) Depressive disorders:
1.major depressive disorder
2. major depressive + seasonal patterns
3.persisten depressive disorder
4.premenstrual dysphoric disorder
5. Post-partum disorder
- 5 out 9 symptoms at least 2 weeks in a row:
-depressed mood most of the day
-diminishes interest/plessure activities used to do
-overeat/undereat, gain/loss weight
-insominia/hypersomnia
-psychomotor agitation/retardation
-fatigue/loss of energy
-feeling worthless
-diminishing ability to concentrate
-suicidal thoughts
D) Bipolar disorders
-bipolar 1
-bipolar 2
rapid cycling
Mania: Hyperactive, excessive talkative, euphora, unlimited hopes, less sleep, hyperfocus one one goal
depression
bipolar 1: cycles of at least 1mania followed by one depressive episode, mania evident/visible
bipolar 2: cycle of at least one hypermania followed by one depressive episode, less severe mood elevation
-4+ episodes mania/depression per year
E) Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD)
Obssetion: uncontrollable unvoluntary thoughts, images, impulsives ocurring over and over again + causes anxiety + urge to perform rituals
Compulsions: ritualistic behaviour performed over and over again to make obsession + anxiety linked go away
IT take MORE than 1 hour per day+prevent you from doing things
F)
-Body dysmorphic disorder
-Hoarding disorder
-trichotillomania
-excoriation disorder
preoccupation with physical apperance
-strong need to save items of no apparent use/value
-hair pulling
-skin picking
G) Eating disorders
1.anorexia
2.bulimia
3.bing coring disorder
4.orthorexia
- 85% cases start puberty, signifiant low weight for age, sex, fear of gaining weight, behavior interfere with weight gain, excessive training, disotortd body image
effects:hair loss, dry skin, brittle nails, fainting decay, no menstruation
1/3 cured,1/3 not cured, 1/3 remain preoccupied - Start around 18-20, easier to hide,binge eating and lack of self-control, compensatory behaviour, body image issued
effects: stomach pain, tooth decay, constipation, 75% fully recover - eat fast to the point of discomfort, guilt-discut, not hungry, marked distress, body image issues, at least 2 times per week over 6 months
- obsession for healthy and pure food, leads to restrictive behaviours, anxiety and control
H) Neurodevelopement disorders
1.intellectual disability
2.attetion deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
3.Autism
4. Dissociative disorder
2.3-5% of kids, impulsivity, fidgety, distractibility, difficult focus, talk alot, loses things
3.genetic link, difficulty in communication+ social interactions,difficulty labeling emotions, social cues, lack attachment, in their own world
4.mental escape from intorlerable situations
-dissociative amnesia (with fugue)
-depersonalization
-derealization: detachement, unreality towards the surrounding
-dissociative identity dissorder: usally caused by childhood trauma repetitive sexual, physical, emotional abuse. Alters appears to protect oneself
-2 or more distinct person
-each unique
-each have a role to play
-feeling that another person exist inside
-we/us
-blank spells
I) Personality disorders
1.odd/eccentric personality disorder Shizotypal, paranoid, schizoid
2.Dramatic/erractic personality disorder borderline, anti-social, histrionic, narcissistic
1.inflexible, inapropriate ways of thinking, behaving can cause serious distress to oneself others
-schizotypal:odd ways of behaving,talking,reacting
-paranoid
-schizoid:not interested social interactions
2.high prevalence of suicide, emergency visits
-bordeline: in crisis, self-destructive..
-anti-social:lack empathy, remorse, guilt, manipulative,charming
-histrionic:does lots of things to be seen heard, very theatrical
-narcissistic:low self-esteem, self-centered, need attention
