Psychiatry X

Question 1

[…] is a type of conditioning where a natural response is elicited by a conditioned/learned stimulus that was previously presented with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 1

Classical conditioning is a type of conditioning where a natural response is elicited by a conditioned/learned stimulus that was previously presented with an unconditioned stimulus.

e.g. Pavlov’s dog:

unconditoned stimulus = food

conditioned stimulus = bell

natural response = salivation

Question 2

[…] disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by repetitive and pervasive behavior that violates the basic rights of others or societal norms.

Answer 2

• *Conduct** disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by repetitive and pervasive behavior that violates the basic rights of others or societal norms
  e. g. aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, theft.

Question 3

[…] are characteristic of Korsakoff syndrome.

Answer 3

Confabulations are characteristic of Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 4

[…] disorder is a loss of sensory or motor function (e.g. paralysis, blindness, mutism), often following an acute stressor.

Answer 4

Conversion disorder is a loss of sensory or motor function (e.g. paralysis, blindness, mutism), often following an acute stressor.

also known as functional neurologic symptom disorder

Question 5

[…] is characterized by the doctor projecting feelings about formative or other important persons onto the patient.

Answer 5

Countertransference is characterized by the doctor projecting feelings about formative or other important persons onto the patient.

e.g. patient reminds physician of younger sibling

Question 6

[…] disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years (duration), fluctuating between mild depressive and hypomanic symptoms.

Answer 6

Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years (duration), fluctuating between mild depressive and hypomanic symptoms.

must not meet criteria for a major depressive or hypomanic episode

Question 7

Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least […] (duration), fluctuating between mild depressive and hypomanic symptoms.

Answer 7

Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years (duration), fluctuating between mild depressive and hypomanic symptoms.

must not meet criteria for a major depressive or hypomanic episode

Question 8

[…] disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of detachment from one’s own body, thoughts, perceptions, and actions (depersonalization) or one’s environment (derealization).

Answer 8

Depersonalization/derealization disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of detachment from one’s own body, thoughts, perceptions, and actions (depersonalization) or one’s environment (derealization).

patient feels disconnected from their own interactions with the world around them

Question 9

[…] disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts out of proportion to a situation.

Answer 9

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts out of proportion to a situation.

Question 10

[…] is an inability to recall important personal information, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress.

Answer 10

Dissociative amnesia is an inability to recall important personal information, usually subsequent to severe trauma or stress.

can be with or without fugue (traveling or wandering during a period of amnesia)

Question 11

[…] disorder is characterized by the presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states, usually following psychological trauma.

Answer 11

Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states, usually following psychological trauma.

e.g. history of sexual abuse, PTSD, depression, substance abuse, borderline personality, somatoform conditions; previously known as multiple personality disorder

Question 12

[…] is characterized by illness in a child or elderly patient that is caused or fabricated by the caregiver.

Answer 12

Factitious disorder imposed on another is characterized by illness in a child or elderly patient that is caused or fabricated by the caregiver.

motivation is to assume a sick role by proxy

Question 13

[…] disorder characterized by a history of multiple hospital admissions and willingness to undergo invasive procedures.

Answer 13

Factitious disorder characterized by a history of multiple hospital admissions and willingness to undergo invasive procedures.

Question 14

[…] disorders are when a patient consciously creates physical and/or psychological symptoms in order to assume a “sick role” and get medical attention and sympathy (primary/internal gain).

Answer 14

Factitious disorders are when a patient consciously creates physical and/or psychological symptoms in order to assume a “sick role” and get medical attention and sympathy (primary/internal gain).

Question 15

[…] in the house are an independent risk factor for suicide completion.

Answer 15

Firearms in the house are an independent risk factor for suicide completion.

Question 16

[…] hallucinations occur while going to sleep; sometimes seen in narcolepsy.

Answer 16

Hypnagogic hallucinations occur while going to sleep; sometimes seen in narcolepsy.

“hypnagogic, going to sleep”

Question 17

[…] hallucinations occur while waking from sleep; sometimes seen in narcolepsy.

Answer 17

Hypnopompic hallucinations occur while waking from sleep; sometimes seen in narcolepsy.

“hypnopompic, pompous upon awakening”

Question 18

[…] disorder is an excessive preoccupation with acquiring or having a serious illness, often despite medical evaluation and reassurance; minimal somatic symptoms.

Answer 18

Illness anxiety disorder is an excessive preoccupation with acquiring or having a serious illness, often despite medical evaluation and reassurance; minimal somatic symptoms.

also known as hypochondriasis

Question 19

[…] are misperceptions of real external stimuli.

Answer 19

Illusions are misperceptions of real external stimuli.

vs. hallucinations, which are perceptions in the absence of external stimuli

Question 20

[…] is when a patient consciously fakes, profoundly exaggerates, or claims to have a disorder in order to attain a secondary (external) gain (e.g. avoid work, obtain compensation).

Answer 20

Malingering is when a patient consciously fakes, profoundly exaggerates, or claims to have a disorder in order to attain a secondary (external) gain (e.g. avoid work, obtain compensation).

characterized by poor compliance with treatment or follow-up of diagnostic tests

Question 21

[…] are an effective treatment for atypical depression, but not first-line due to their risk profile.

Answer 21

MAO inhibitors are an effective treatment for atypical depression, but not first-line due to their risk profile.

Question 22

[…] is a long-acting oral opiate used for opioid detoxification or long-term maintenance therapy.

Answer 22

Methadone is a long-acting oral opiate used for opioid detoxification or long-term maintenance therapy.

Question 23

[…] is a long-acting opioid antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified from opiates.

Answer 23

Naltrexone is a long-acting opioid antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified from opiates.

Question 24

[…] disorder is characterized by recurring intrusive thoughts, feelings, or sensations that cause severe distress and is temporarily relieved by the performance of repetitive actions.

Answer 24

Obessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by recurring intrusive thoughts, feelings, or sensations that cause severe distress and is temporarily relieved by the performance of repetitive actions.

Question 25

[…] hallucinations often occur as an aura of temporal lobe epilepsy and in brain tumors.

Answer 25

Olfactory hallucinations often occur as an aura of temporal lobe epilepsy and in brain tumors.

Question 26

[…] disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior towards authority figures in the absence of serious violations of societal norms for > 6 months (duration).

Answer 26

Oppositional defiant disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior towards authority figures in the absence of serious violations of societal norms for > 6 months (duration).

Question 27

[…] disorder is a phobia characterized by exaggerated fear of embarassment in public situations (e.g. public speaking, using public restrooms).

Answer 27

Social anxiety disorder is a phobia characterized by exaggerated fear of embarassment in public situations (e.g. public speaking, using public restrooms).

Question 28

[…] hallucinations are common in alcohol withdrawal and stimulant use (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines).

Answer 28

Tactile hallucinations are common in alcohol withdrawal and stimulant use (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines).

e.g. delusional parasitosis (bugs under skin), “cocaine crawlies”

Question 29

Tactile hallucinations are common in […] withdrawal and stimulant use (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines).

Answer 29

Tactile hallucinations are common in alcohol withdrawal and stimulant use (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines).

e.g. delusional parasitosis (bugs under skin), “cocaine crawlies”

Question 30

[…] is characterized by the patient projecting feelings about formative or other important persons onto the physician.

Answer 30

Transference is characterized by the patient projecting feelings about formative or other important persons onto the physician.

e.g. psychiatrist is seen as a parent

Question 31

Atypical depression is associated with […] (feeling of heaviness in limbs) and sensitivity to rejection.

Answer 31

Atypical depression is associated with leaden paralysis (feeling of heaviness in limbs) and sensitivity to rejection.

Question 32

[…] depression is associated with leaden paralysis (feeling of heaviness in limbs) and sensitivity to rejection.

Answer 32

Atypical depression is associated with leaden paralysis (feeling of heaviness in limbs) and sensitivity to rejection.

Question 33

Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting > […] and

Answer 33

Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting > 1 day and 1 month (duration).

Question 34

[…] disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting > 1 day and

Answer 34

Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting > 1 day and

Question 35

Delirium (dementia or delirium) is associated with a […] pattern on EEG.

Answer 35

Delirium (dementia or delirium) is associated with a diffuse, slowing pattern on EEG.

Question 36

[…] (dementia or delirium) is associated with a diffuse, slowing pattern on EEG.

Answer 36

Delirium (dementia or delirium) is associated with a diffuse, slowing pattern on EEG.

Question 37

Dementia (dementia or delirium) is associated with a […] pattern on EEG.

Answer 37

Dementia (dementia or delirium) is associated with a normal pattern on EEG.

Question 38

[…] (dementia or delirium) is associated with a normal pattern on EEG.

Answer 38

Dementia (dementia or delirium) is associated with a normal pattern on EEG.

Question 39

Fluoxetine is an SSRI with a relatively long half-life and thus must be discontinued […] weeks before initiating an MAOI.

Answer 39

Fluoxetine is an SSRI with a relatively long half-life and thus must be discontinued 5 weeks before initiating an MAOI.

initiation of an MAOI before 5 weeks can result in serotonin syndrome

Question 40

[…] is an SSRI with a relatively long half-life and thus must be discontinued 5 weeks before initiating an MAOI.

Answer 40

Fluoxetine is an SSRI with a relatively long half-life and thus must be discontinued 5 weeks before initiating an MAOI.

initiation of an MAOI before 5 weeks can result in serotonin syndrome

Question 41

Rett syndrome often presents with verbal regression, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped […].

Answer 41

Rett syndrome often presents with verbal regression, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped hand-wringing.

Question 42

[…] syndrome often presents with verbal regression, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped hand-wringing.

Answer 42

Rett syndrome often presents with verbal regression, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped hand-wringing.

Question 43

Schizophreniform disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting between […] (duration).

Answer 43

Schizophreniform disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting between 1 - 6 months (duration).

Question 44

[…] disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting between 1 - 6 months (duration).

Answer 44

Schizophreniform disorder is characterized by symptoms of schizophrenia lasting between 1 - 6 months (duration).

Question 45

Tourette syndrome is a childhood disorder characterized by multiple motor and > 1 vocal tics that persist for […] (duration).

Answer 45

Tourette syndrome is a childhood disorder characterized by multiple motor and > 1 vocal tics that persist for > 1 year (duration).

if only one type of tic (motor or vocal) is present, it is termed chronic or provisional tic disorder; tics are typically preceded by a premonitory urge

Question 46

[…] syndrome is a childhood disorder characterized by multiple motor and > 1 vocal tics that persist for > 1 year (duration).

Answer 46

Tourette syndrome is a childhood disorder characterized by multiple motor and > 1 vocal tics that persist for > 1 year (duration).

if only one type of tic (motor or vocal) is present, it is termed chronic or provisional tic disorder; tics are typically preceded by a premonitory urge