Psychiatry V Flashcards
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: […]
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social supportS: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: […]
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social supportS: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: […]
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: […]
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: […]
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: […]
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: […]
The risk factors for suicide completion may be remembered with the mnemonic “SAD PERSONS”:
S: Sex (male)
A: Age (teenage or elderly)
D: Depression
P: Previous attempt (highest risk factor)
E: Ethanol or drug use
R: Rational thinking impaired (psychosis)
S: Sickness (medical illness)
O: Organized plan
N: No spouse or other social support
S: Stated future intent
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: […]
A: Avoidance of associated stimuli
R: Re-experiencing the event (nightmares, flashbacks)
D: Distress (changes in cognition or mood)
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: Hyperarousal
A: Avoidance of associated stimuli
R: Re-experiencing the event (nightmares, flashbacks)
D: Distress (changes in cognition or mood)
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: Hyperarousal
A: […]
R: Re-experiencing the event (nightmares, flashbacks)
D: Distress (changes in cognition or mood)
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: Hyperarousal
A: Avoidance of associated stimuli
R: Re-experiencing the event (nightmares, flashbacks)
D: Distress (changes in cognition or mood)
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: Hyperarousal
A: Avoidance of associated stimuli
R: […]
D: Distress (changes in cognition or mood)
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: Hyperarousal
A: Avoidance of associated stimuli
R: Re-experiencing the event (nightmares, flashbacks)
D: Distress (changes in cognition or mood)
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: Hyperarousal
A: Avoidance of associated stimuli
R: Re-experiencing the event (nightmares, flashbacks)
D: […]
The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be remembered with the mnemonic “HARD”:
H: Hyperarousal
A: Avoidance of associated stimuli
R: Re-experiencing the event (nightmares, flashbacks)
D: Distress (changes in cognition or mood)
Treatment of narcolepsy involves daytime […] (e.g. amphetamines, modafinil).
Treatment of narcolepsy involves daytime stimulants (e.g. amphetamines, modafinil).
Treatment of narcolepsy may include nighttime […].
Treatment of narcolepsy may include nighttime sodium oxybate (GHB).
Use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar disorder can precipitate acute […].
Use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar disorder can precipitate acute mania.
during the depressive stage of bipolar disorder, second-generation antipsychotics (e.g. quetiapine, lurasidone) are effective; traditional treatments (e.g. valproic acid, lithium) are effective as well
Use of […] in patients with bipolar disorder can precipitate acute mania.
Use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar disorder can precipitate acute mania.
during the depressive stage of bipolar disorder, second-generation antipsychotics (e.g. quetiapine, lurasidone) are effective; traditional treatments (e.g. valproic acid, lithium) are effective as well
Use of antidepressants in patients with […] disorder can precipitate acute mania.
Use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar disorder can precipitate acute mania.
during the depressive stage of bipolar disorder, second-generation antipsychotics (e.g. quetiapine, lurasidone) are effective; traditional treatments (e.g. valproic acid, lithium) are effective as well
What are the first-line pharmacotherapy options to reduce cravings during smoking cessation?
[…], […], and […]
What are the first-line pharmacotherapy options to reduce cravings during smoking cessation?
nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, and buproprion
What drug class is the most common cause of drug overdose death?
Opioids (e.g. heroin)
What drug combination may be used for maintenance therapy following opioid detoxification?
buprenorphine plus naloxone
naloxone is added to lower IV abuse potential
What drug intoxication commonly causes agitation, irritability, psychosis, diaphoresis, and mydriasis without nystagmus for several hours?
Amphetamines
may also cause tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperthermia
What drug intoxication presents as conjunctival injection, increased appetite, paranoid delusions, and dry mouth?
Marijuana
also may present with euphoria, anxiety, perception of slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, and hallucinations
What drug intoxication presents as emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, and blackouts?
Alcohol
What drug intoxication presents as euphoria, heightened emotional/tactile sensation, and teeth clenching?
MDMA (ecstasy)
also may present with distorted sensory and time perception, hyperactivity, hypertension, hyperthermia, hyponatremia, and serotonin syndrome
What drug intoxication presents as perceptual distortion (visual, auditory), depersonalization, and possible flashbacks?
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
also may present with anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis
What drug intoxication presents as pupillary dilation, grandiosity, vasospasm, and paranoia that lasts for less than one hour?
Cocaine
important distinguishing feature from amphetamines, which have a longer duration
What drug intoxication presents as respiratory and CNS depression, pinpoint pupils (miosis), and decreased gag reflex?
Opioids (e.g. heroin)
What drug intoxication presents as violence, psychomotor agitation, analgesia, and nystagmus for several hours?
Phencyclidine (PCP)
also may present with impulsivity, tachycardia, hypertension, psychosis, delirium, and seizures
What drug may be used to reduce nightmares in PTSD?
Prazosin
What drug withdrawal presents with acute depression, fatigue, hypersomnia, increased appetite, and increased dreaming?
Cocaine withdrawal
What drug withdrawal presents with nausea, muscle/joint aches, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and pupillary dilation?
Heroin (opioid) withdrawal
other common findings include yawning, lacrimation, and piloerection
What drugs (2) may be used to treat performance-only social anxiety disorder?
benzodiazepines or β-blockers (as needed)
benzodiazepines should be avoided in patients with a history of substance abuse
What early childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social communication & interactions and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior?
Autism spectrum disorder
early diagnosis and intervention is important to improve prognosis
What endocrine pathology is a reversible cause of dementia?
Hypothyroidism
Experimental studies report thyroid hormones induce changes in amyloid precursor processing or deposition of amyloid-β [4, 17], the major component of the amyloid deposits found in the brain of cases of Alzheimer disease.
What eye exam finding is characteristic of phencyclidine intoxication?
Nystagmus
What GI pathology is an irreversible cause of dementia?
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
What infectious disease is a reversible cause of dementia?
Neurosyphilis
What infectious disease is an irreversible cause of dementia?
HIV
i.e. HIV-associated dementia; typically seen with CD4+ counts < 200/mm3
What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Stimulants (e.g. methylphenidate, amphetamines)
non-stimulant treatment options include atomoxetine and alpha-antagonists (e.g. guanfacine, clonidine)
What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for narcolepsy?
Modafinil (non-amphetamine stimulant)
second-line treatments include amphetamines and methylphenidate
What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
SSRIs
clomipramine is a TCA that is used as a second-line agent due to its side effect profile
What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for patients with acute psychosis?
First or second-generation antipsychotics
second-generation is usually preferred due to less EPS side effects; long-acting formulas should not be considered until it has been established that the patient can tolerate a short-acting formula
What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for patients with somatic symptom disorder?
SSRIs
TCAs are occasionally used as well; pharmacotherapy and/or CBT is typically reserved for patients that do not respond to general measures (e.g. regularly scheduled appointments)
