Psychiatry I Flashcards
A hypomanic episode must last at least […] consecutive days.
A hypomanic episode must last at least 4 consecutive days.
A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with persistently increased activity or energy for at least […]. (duration)
A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with persistently increased activity or energy for at least 1 week. (duration)
a manic episode can be diagnosed if it is less than one week and requires hospitalization
A […] episode is like a manic episode except mood disturbance doesn’t cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.
A hypomanic episode is like a manic episode except mood disturbance doesn’t cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.
According to the DSM-5, pathological encopresis cannot be diagnosed until the patient is at least […]-years-old (or equivalent developmental level).
According to the DSM-5, pathological encopresis cannot be diagnosed until the patient is at least 4-years-old (or equivalent developmental level).
involuntary defecation, especially associated with emotional disturbance or psychiatric disorder.
According to the DSM-5, pathological enuresis cannot be diagnosed until the patient is at least […]-years-old (or equivalent developmental level).
According to the DSM-5, pathological enuresis cannot be diagnosed until the patient is at least 5-years-old (or equivalent developmental level).
nocturnal enuresis is considered normal in patients younger than 5 years of age
Acute stress disorder is characterized by symptoms of PTSD that last between […] and […]. (duration)
Acute stress disorder is characterized by symptoms of PTSD that last between 3 days and 1 month. (duration)
After age 18, conduct disorder is often reclassified as […] personality disorder.
After age 18, conduct disorder is often reclassified as antisocial personality disorder.
After age 18, […] disorder is often reclassified as antisocial personality disorder.
After age 18, conduct disorder is often reclassified as antisocial personality disorder.
An adequate antidepressant trial is generally considered to be at least […] (duration) at a therapeutic dosage.
An adequate antidepressant trial is generally considered to be at least 4 - 6 weeks (duration) at a therapeutic dosage.
if patient symptoms are not relieved after 4 - 6 weeks, then switching to another first-line antidepressant is warranted
Anorexia nervosa is associated with […] due to loss of pulsatile GnRH secretion.
Anorexia nervosa is associated with amenorrhea due to loss of pulsatile GnRH secretion.
Anorexia nervosa is defined as excessive dieting, exercise, or binge eating/purging with BMI […] kg/m2 (adults) or < 5th percentile (children/adolescents).
Anorexia nervosa is defined as excessive dieting, exercise, or binge eating/purging with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (adults) or < 5th percentile (children/adolescents).
Anorexia nervosa is defined as excessive dieting, exercise, or binge eating/purging with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (adults) or
Anorexia nervosa is defined as excessive dieting, exercise, or binge eating/purging with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (adults) or 5th percentile (children/adolescents).
Anorexia nervosa may present with […] (RBC count) and electrolyte disturbances.
Anorexia nervosa may present with anemia (RBC count) and electrolyte disturbances.
Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed if the patient is […] years old and has a history of conduct disorder before age 15.
Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed if the patient is > 18 years old and has a history of conduct disorder before age 15.
conduct disorder if < 18 years old
Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed if the patient is > 18 years old and has a history of conduct disorder before age […].
Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed if the patient is > 18 years old and has a history of conduct disorder before age 15.
conduct disorder if < 18 years old
Are hallucinations involving a dead relative during a period of bereavement considered normal?
Yes (within 6 months)
e.g. hearing the dead person speak (common)
Are patients with avoidant personality disorder content with social isolation?
No
patients desire relationship with others; important distinguishing feature from schizoid personality disorder
Are patients with schizoid personality disorder content with social isolation?
Yes
important distinguishing feature from avoidant personality disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues into adulthood in […]% of cases.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues into adulthood in 50% of cases.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has an onset before age […].
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has an onset before age 12.
may be diagnosed retrospectively in adulthood
Atypical depression is associated with […]-phagia.
Atypical depression is associated with hyper-phagia.
important distinguishing feature from melancholic depression
Atypical depression is associated with […], which is being able to experience improved mood in response to positive events, albeit briefly.
Atypical depression is associated with mood reactivity, which is being able to experience improved mood in response to positive events, albeit briefly.
important distinguishing feature from melancholic depression
Autism spectrum disorder is associated with […] head/brain size.
Autism spectrum disorder is associated with increased head/brain size.
Benzodiazepine use in the elderly may be associated with paradoxical […], which is characterized by confusion and aggression, typically within one hour of use.
Benzodiazepine use in the elderly may be associated with paradoxical agitation, which is characterized by confusion and aggression, typically within one hour of use.
other major risks of benzodiazepine use in the elderly include increased cognitive impairment and falls
Blockage of which dopamine pathway is responsible for extrapyramidal symptoms in patients taking antipsychotics?
Nigrostriatal pathway
e.g. acute dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism
Blockage of which dopamine pathway is responsible for symptoms of gynecomastia and sexual dysfunction in patients taking antipsychotics?
Tuberoinfundibular pathway
due to hyperprolactinemia; other symptoms include amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility
Blockage of which dopamine pathway is responsible for the therapeutic effect of antipsychotics?
Mesolimbic pathway
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that may present with […] calluses from induced vomiting (Russell sign).
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that may present with dorsal hand calluses from induced vomiting (Russell sign).
may also be seen with the binge eating/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by electrolyte disturbances and metabolic […].
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by electrolyte disturbances and metabolic alkalosis.
sequelae of purging (e.g. vomiting, laxatives, diuretics)
Bulimia nervosa is defined as binge eating with recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors occuring weekly for at least […]. (duration)
Bulimia nervosa is defined as binge eating with recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors occuring weekly for at least 3 months. (duration)
must have BMI > 18.5 kg/m2; if BMI falls below 18.5 kg/m2 it is considered anorexia nervosa
Buproprion may be used for smoking cessation, but is contraindicated in patients with […] or […].
Buproprion may be used for smoking cessation, but is contraindicated in patients with bulimia/anorexia or seizures.
Can a person with grief meet the criteria for major depressive episode?
Yes
still considered major depressive episode and should be treated as such (e.g. CBT + SSRIs), even if they are grieving
Children who are victims of physical abuse often avoid […] on exam.
Children who are victims of physical abuse often avoid eye contact on exam.
Cluster A personality disorders have a genetic association with […].
Cluster A personality disorders have a genetic association with schizophrenia.
Cluster […] personality disorders have a genetic association with schizophrenia.
Cluster A personality disorders have a genetic association with schizophrenia.
Cluster C personality disorders have a genetic association with […] disorders.
Cluster C personality disorders have a genetic association with anxiety disorders.
Cluster […] personality disorders have a genetic association with anxiety disorders.
Cluster C personality disorders have a genetic association with anxiety disorders.
Cluster B personality disorders have a genetic association with […] disorders and substance abuse.
Cluster B personality disorders have a genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse.
Cluster B personality disorders have a genetic association with mood disorders and […].
Cluster B personality disorders have a genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse.
Cluster […] personality disorders have a genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse.
Cluster B personality disorders have a genetic association with mood disorders and substance abuse.
Common adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy include temporary headache, disorientation, and partial […]; usually resolves within 6 months.
Common adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy include temporary headache, disorientation, and partial amnesia; usually resolves within 6 months.
Compared to PCP, the effects of methamphetamine generally last […]. (shorter or longer)
Compared to PCP, the effects of methamphetamine generally last longer. (shorter or longer)
up to 20 hours (methamphetamine) vs < 8 hours (PCP)
