Psychiatry IX Flashcards
Which ego defense is defined as involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness?
Repression (immature defense)
e.g. a 20-year-old does not remember going to counseling during his parents’ divorce 10 years earlier
Which ego defense is defined as largely unconscious assumption of the characteristics, qualities, or traits of another person or group?
Identification (immature defense)
e.g. a resident starts putting his stethoscope in his pocket like his favorite attending, instead of wearing it around his neck like before
Which ego defense is defined as proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons (usually to avoid blame)?
Rationalization (immature defense)
e.g. after getting fired, claiming that the job was not important anyway
Which ego defense is defined as redirection of emotions/impulses to a neutral person or object?
Displacement (immature defense)
e.g. a teacher is yelled at by the principal; she then goes home and criticizes her husband’s dinner selection rather than confronting the principal
Which ego defense is defined as remaining at a more childish level of development?
Fixation (immature defense)
e.g. a surgeon throws a tantrum late in the operating room because the last case ran very late
Which ego defense is defined as replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an unconsciously derived emphasis on its opposite?
Reaction formation (immature defense)
e.g. a patient with sexual thoughts enters a monastery
Which ego defense is defined as replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one’s value system?
Sublimation (mature defense)
e.g. teenager’s aggression toward his father is redirected to perform well in sports
Which ego defense is defined as separating feelings from ideas and events?
Isolation of affect (immature defense)
e.g. describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response
Which ego defense is defined as temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress?
Dissociation (immature defense)
e.g. a victim of sexual abuse suddenly appears numb and detached when she is exposed to her abuser; patient has incomplete or no memory of traumatic event
Which ego defense is defined as using facts and logic to emotionally distance oneself from a stressful situation?
Intellectualization (immature defense)
e.g. in a therapy session, a patient diagnosed with cancer focuses only on rates of survival
Which gender attempts suicide more often?
Females
Which gender completes suicide more often?
Males
Which mood stabilizer is associated with elevated LFTs, and rarely, hepatic failure?
Valproic acid
most commonly occurs during the first 6 months of treatment
Which operant conditioning technique involves addition of a stimulus in efforts to decrease behavior?
Positive punishment
i.e. repeated application of an aversive stimulus to extinguish unwanted behavior
Which operant conditioning technique involves addition of a stimulus in efforts to increase behavior?
Positive reinforcement
i.e. target behavior is followed by a desired reward
Which operant conditioning technique involves removal of a stimulus in efforts to decrease behavior?
Negative punishment
i.e. removal of a desired reward to extinguish unwanted behavior
Which operant conditioning technique involves removal of a stimulus in efforts to increase behavior?
Negative reinforcement
i.e. target behavior is followed by removal of an aversive stimulus
Which personality disorder is characterized by eccentric appearance, interpersonal awkwardness, and odd beliefs/magical thinking?
Schizotypal (cluster A)
Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality/excitability and sexually provocative behavior?
Histrionic (cluster B)
Which personality disorder is characterized by grandiosity, sense of entitlement, and lack of empathy?
Narcissistic (cluster B)
Which personality disorder is characterized by impulsivity, criminality, and disregard for/violation of rights of others with lack of remorse?
Antisocial (cluster B)
Which personality disorder is characterized by low-self confidence with an excessive need to be taken care of?
Dependent (cluster C)
Which personality disorder is characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, with a profoundly cynical view of the world?
Paranoid (cluster A)
Which personality disorder is characterized by preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control?
Obsessive-compulsive (cluster C)
does NOT involve compulsions performed in response to intrusive obsessions
Which personality disorder is characterized by social withdrawal with hypersensitivity to rejection and feelings of inadequacy?
Avoidant (cluster C)
Which personality disorder is characterized by unstable mood and relationships and a sense of emptiness?
Borderline (cluster B)
Which personality disorder is characterized by voluntary social withdrawal with limited emotional expression?
Schizoid (cluster A)
Which personality disorder may be associated with micropsychotic episodes, often in response to stress?
Borderline personality disorder
i.e. transient paranoia, dissociation, and/or psychosis lasting minutes to hours; other classic features include fear of abandonment and unstable, chaotic relationships
Which psychiatric disorder, delirium or dementia, is characterized by acute onset “waxing and waning” level of consciousness?
Delirium
Which serotonin receptor is antagonized by many atypical antipsychotics?
5-HT2A
the added serotonin receptor binding of SGAs (in addition to D2 antagonism) reduces the likelihood of extrapyramidal side effects
Which stage of change is characterized by acknowledging there’s a problem, BUT not yet ready or willing to make a change?
Contemplation
Which stage of change is characterized by changing behaviors?
Action/will power
Which stage of change is characterized by getting ready to change behavior?
Preparation/determination
Which stage of change is characterized by maintaining the behavioral changes?
Maintenance
Which stage of change is characterized by not yet acknowledging that there is a problem?
Precontemplation
Which stage of sleep do sleepwalking and night terrors occur?
Stage N3
i.e. non-REM sleep
Which stages of change is characterized by returning to old behaviors and abandoning new changes?
Relapse (does not always happen)
Which type of conditioning usually deals with involuntary responses?
Classical conditioning
Which type of conditioning usually deals with voluntary responses?
Operant conditioning
[…] is a phobia characterized by irrational fear/anxiety in uncontrollable environments (e.g. wide open or crowded spaces, public transportation)
Agoraphobia is a phobia characterized by irrational fear/anxiety in uncontrollable environments (e.g. wide open or crowded spaces, public transportation)
if severe, patients may refuse to leave their homes
[…] is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for > 6 months (duration)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for > 6 months (duration)
limited attention span and poor impulse control but generally not hostile
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for […] (duration)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for > 6 months (duration)
limited attention span and poor impulse control but generally not hostile
