Psychiatry IX

Question 1

Which ego defense is defined as involuntarily withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness?

Answer 1

Repression (immature defense)

e.g. a 20-year-old does not remember going to counseling during his parents’ divorce 10 years earlier

Question 2

Which ego defense is defined as largely unconscious assumption of the characteristics, qualities, or traits of another person or group?

Answer 2

Identification (immature defense)

e.g. a resident starts putting his stethoscope in his pocket like his favorite attending, instead of wearing it around his neck like before

Question 3

Which ego defense is defined as proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons (usually to avoid blame)?

Answer 3

Rationalization (immature defense)

e.g. after getting fired, claiming that the job was not important anyway

Question 4

Which ego defense is defined as redirection of emotions/impulses to a neutral person or object?

Answer 4

Displacement (immature defense)

e.g. a teacher is yelled at by the principal; she then goes home and criticizes her husband’s dinner selection rather than confronting the principal

Question 5

Which ego defense is defined as remaining at a more childish level of development?

Answer 5

Fixation (immature defense)

e.g. a surgeon throws a tantrum late in the operating room because the last case ran very late

Question 6

Which ego defense is defined as replacing a warded-off idea or feeling by an unconsciously derived emphasis on its opposite?

Answer 6

Reaction formation (immature defense)

e.g. a patient with sexual thoughts enters a monastery

Question 7

Which ego defense is defined as replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one’s value system?

Answer 7

Sublimation (mature defense)

e.g. teenager’s aggression toward his father is redirected to perform well in sports

Question 8

Which ego defense is defined as separating feelings from ideas and events?

Answer 8

Isolation of affect (immature defense)

e.g. describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response

Question 9

Which ego defense is defined as temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress?

Answer 9

Dissociation (immature defense)

e.g. a victim of sexual abuse suddenly appears numb and detached when she is exposed to her abuser; patient has incomplete or no memory of traumatic event

Question 10

Which ego defense is defined as using facts and logic to emotionally distance oneself from a stressful situation?

Answer 10

Intellectualization (immature defense)

e.g. in a therapy session, a patient diagnosed with cancer focuses only on rates of survival

Question 11

Which gender attempts suicide more often?

Answer 11

Females

Question 12

Which gender completes suicide more often?

Answer 12

Males

Question 13

Which mood stabilizer is associated with elevated LFTs, and rarely, hepatic failure?

Answer 13

Valproic acid

most commonly occurs during the first 6 months of treatment

Question 14

Which operant conditioning technique involves addition of a stimulus in efforts to decrease behavior?

Answer 14

Positive punishment

i.e. repeated application of an aversive stimulus to extinguish unwanted behavior

Question 15

Which operant conditioning technique involves addition of a stimulus in efforts to increase behavior?

Answer 15

Positive reinforcement

i.e. target behavior is followed by a desired reward

Question 16

Which operant conditioning technique involves removal of a stimulus in efforts to decrease behavior?

Answer 16

Negative punishment

i.e. removal of a desired reward to extinguish unwanted behavior

Question 17

Which operant conditioning technique involves removal of a stimulus in efforts to increase behavior?

Answer 17

Negative reinforcement

i.e. target behavior is followed by removal of an aversive stimulus

Question 18

Which personality disorder is characterized by eccentric appearance, interpersonal awkwardness, and odd beliefs/magical thinking?

Answer 18

Schizotypal (cluster A)

Question 19

Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality/excitability and sexually provocative behavior?

Answer 19

Histrionic (cluster B)

Question 20

Which personality disorder is characterized by grandiosity, sense of entitlement, and lack of empathy?

Answer 20

Narcissistic (cluster B)

Question 21

Which personality disorder is characterized by impulsivity, criminality, and disregard for/violation of rights of others with lack of remorse?

Answer 21

Antisocial (cluster B)

Question 22

Which personality disorder is characterized by low-self confidence with an excessive need to be taken care of?

Answer 22

Dependent (cluster C)

Question 23

Which personality disorder is characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, with a profoundly cynical view of the world?

Answer 23

Paranoid (cluster A)

Question 24

Which personality disorder is characterized by preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control?

Answer 24

Obsessive-compulsive (cluster C)

does NOT involve compulsions performed in response to intrusive obsessions

Question 25

Which personality disorder is characterized by social withdrawal with hypersensitivity to rejection and feelings of inadequacy?

Answer 25

Avoidant (cluster C)

Question 26

Which personality disorder is characterized by unstable mood and relationships and a sense of emptiness?

Answer 26

Borderline (cluster B)

Question 27

Which personality disorder is characterized by voluntary social withdrawal with limited emotional expression?

Answer 27

Schizoid (cluster A)

Question 28

Which personality disorder may be associated with micropsychotic episodes, often in response to stress?

Answer 28

Borderline personality disorder

i.e. transient paranoia, dissociation, and/or psychosis lasting minutes to hours; other classic features include fear of abandonment and unstable, chaotic relationships

Question 29

Which psychiatric disorder, delirium or dementia, is characterized by acute onset “waxing and waning” level of consciousness?

Answer 29

Delirium

Question 30

Which serotonin receptor is antagonized by many atypical antipsychotics?

Answer 30

5-HT2A

the added serotonin receptor binding of SGAs (in addition to D2 antagonism) reduces the likelihood of extrapyramidal side effects

Question 31

Which stage of change is characterized by acknowledging there’s a problem, BUT not yet ready or willing to make a change?

Answer 31

Contemplation

Question 32

Which stage of change is characterized by changing behaviors?

Answer 32

Action/will power

Question 33

Which stage of change is characterized by getting ready to change behavior?

Answer 33

Preparation/determination

Question 34

Which stage of change is characterized by maintaining the behavioral changes?

Answer 34

Maintenance

Question 35

Which stage of change is characterized by not yet acknowledging that there is a problem?

Answer 35

Precontemplation

Question 36

Which stage of sleep do sleepwalking and night terrors occur?

Answer 36

Stage N3

i.e. non-REM sleep

Question 37

Which stages of change is characterized by returning to old behaviors and abandoning new changes?

Answer 37

Relapse (does not always happen)

Question 38

Which type of conditioning usually deals with involuntary responses?

Answer 38

Classical conditioning

Question 39

Which type of conditioning usually deals with voluntary responses?

Answer 39

Operant conditioning

Question 40

[…] is a phobia characterized by irrational fear/anxiety in uncontrollable environments (e.g. wide open or crowded spaces, public transportation)

Answer 40

Agoraphobia is a phobia characterized by irrational fear/anxiety in uncontrollable environments (e.g. wide open or crowded spaces, public transportation)

if severe, patients may refuse to leave their homes

Question 41

[…] is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for > 6 months (duration)

Answer 41

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for > 6 months (duration)

limited attention span and poor impulse control but generally not hostile

Question 42

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for […] (duration)

Answer 42

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention in multiple settings (school, home, places of worship, etc.) for > 6 months (duration)

limited attention span and poor impulse control but generally not hostile