Psychiatry VIII Flashcards
What neurotransmitter is increased in anxiety?
norepinephrine
What neurotransmitter is increased in Huntington disease?
dopamine
What neurotransmitter is increased in Parkinson disease?
acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is increased in schizophrenia?
dopamine
What neurotransmitters are decreased in anxiety?
[…] and GABA
serotonin and GABA
What neurotransmitters are decreased in anxiety?
serotonin and […]
serotonin and GABA
What neurotransmitters are decreased in depression?
[…], norepinephrine, and dopamine
serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
What neurotransmitters are decreased in depression?
serotonin, […], and dopamine
serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
What neurotransmitters are decreased in depression?
serotonin, norepinephrine, and […]
serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
What neurotransmitters are decreased in Huntington disease?
[…] and GABA
acetylcholine and GABA
What neurotransmitters are decreased in Huntington disease?
acetylcholine and […]
acetylcholine and GABA
What neurotransmitters are decreased in Parkinson disease?
[…] and serotonin
dopamine and serotonin
What neurotransmitters are decreased in Parkinson disease?
dopamine and […]
dopamine and serotonin
What other psychiatric disorders (2) are associated with Tourette syndrome?
OCD and ADHD
What pharmacologic treatments (2) may be used to treat patients with suicidal intentions/ideations?
clozapine or lithium
What pharmacotherapeutic medications may be used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
dantrolene or dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine)
however, discontinuation of the causative agent is the most critical intervention, as well as intensive supportive care
What psychiatric disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with a minor or imagined defect in appearance, causing significant emotional distress or impaired functioning?
Body dysmorphic disorder
What psychiatric disorder is characterized by an inability to resist the impulse to steal objects, often of low monetary value or not needed for personal use?
Kleptomania
What psychiatric disorder is characterized by the persistent and intense desire to be the opposite sex, which causes significant distress?
Gender dysphoria
What psychiatric disorder is more common in patients with oppositional defiant disorder?
ADHD
thus all patients with ODD should be assessed for comorbid ADHD and treated if present
What symptoms of alcohol withdrawal may occur during the 48 - 96 hour time period?
Delirium tremens (5% of cases)
What type of cognitive-behavioral therapy is best for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Exposure with response prevention
involves repeated exposure to thoughts, images, and situations that provoke obsessional fears followed by prevention of the accompanying compulsion
What type of therapy is most useful for a patient that presents with borderline personality disorder?
Dialectical behavioral therapy
What type of therapy is most useful for a patient that presents with maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors (e.g. negatively interpreting events)?
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Which “SAD PERSONS” risk factor carries the highest risk for suicide?
Previous attempt
Which antidepressant is likely to be useful for patients with primary complaints of low energy, impaired concentration, hypersomnia, and weight gain?
Buproprion
helpful due to its mild stimulant effects (increased energy/concentration, may aid weight loss)
Which classes of antihypertensive medication increase risk for lithium toxicity?
thiazide diuretics and ACE inhibitors
other drugs that increase risk include NSAIDs, tetracyclines, and metronidazole
Which cluster B personality disorder has a high rate of self-mutilation and suicide?
Borderline
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by an inability to develop meaningful relationships?
Cluster A
Which drug withdrawal is associated with piloerection (“cold turkey”)?
Opioid withdrawal
Which drug withdrawal is associated with yawning?
Opioid withdrawal
Which eating disorder, bulimia or anorexia nervosa, may be effectively treated with fluoxetine?
Bulimia nervosa
however, CBT remains the first-line treatment for both eating disorders
Which ego defense is defined as alleviating negative feelings via unsolicited generosity?
Altruism (mature defense)
e.g. mafia boss makes large donation to charity
Which ego defense is defined as appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation?
Humor (mature defense)
e.g. nervous medical student jokes about the boards
Which ego defense is defined as attributing an unacceptable internal impulse to an external source?
Projection (immature defense)
e.g. a man who wants to cheat on his wife accuses his wife of being unfaithful
Which ego defense is defined as avoiding the awareness of some painful reality?
Denial (immature defense)
awareness without acceptance; e.g. a patient with cancer plans a full-time work schedule despite being warned of fatigue during chemotherapy
Which ego defense is defined as believing that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerance of ambiguity?
Splitting (immature defense)
e.g. a patient says that all the nurses are cold and insensitive but that the doctors are warm and friendly
Which ego defense is defined as demonstrating hostile feelings in a non-confrontational manner?
Passive aggression (immature defense)
disgruntled employee is repeatedly late to work, but won’t admit it is a way to get back at the manager
Which ego defense is defined as expressing extremely positive thoughts of self/others while ignoring negative thoughts?
Idealization (immature defense)
e.g. a patient boasts about his physician and his accomplishments while ignoring any flaws
Which ego defense is defined as expressing unacceptable feelings and thoughts through actions?
Acting out (immature defense)
e.g. tantrums
Which ego defense is defined as intentionally withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (temporary)?
Suppression (mature defense)
e.g. choosing to not worry about the big game until it is time to play
Which ego defense is defined as involuntarily turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world?
Regression (immature defense)
seen in children under stress such as illness, punishment, or birth of new sibling (e.g. bedwetting in a previously toilet-trained child while hospitalized)
