Psychiatry Flashcards
what is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
classical is involuntary responses and operant is usually voluntary responses
what is extinction
if you remove the reward or the negative reinforcement, the behaviour will usually stop
what is transference?
patient puts feelings on physician
what is countertransference?
physician puts feelings on patient
what is displacement?
taking negative emotions and putting them onto something else (neutral object)
what is fixation
partially remaining at more childish level of development
what is projection?
when you attribute an unpleasant internal impulse to external source- want to cheat to accuse wife of cheating
what is reaction formation?
when you take an unpleasant feeling and harness it into an action of the exact opposite
what are the mature defenses?
- Sublimation
- Altruism
- Suppression
- Humour
what is korsakoffs syndrome?
caused by B1 thiamine deficiency- destruction of mamillary bodies
what are the symptoms of a manic episode?
at least 3 for >1 week- DIG FAST-distractability, impulsive, grandiose, flight of ideas, agitation,, decreased need for sleep, talkative or pressured speech
what is the highest risk factor for suicide?
previous attempt
what is adjustment disorder vs GAD?
adjustment is 3-6 mths of increased anxiety associated with event, GAD is >6 mths
what causes narcolepsy?
decreased hypocretin (orexin) in hypothalamus
what are the three A’s of serotonin syndrome?
activity (neuromuscular), agitation, autonomic stimulation
what is malignant neuroleptic syndrome?
antipsychotics and genetic predisposition
- myoglobinuria
- fever
- encephalopathy
- vitals unstable
- enzymes (CK increased)
- rigidity (lead pipe muscles)
- tx is dantrolene, dopamine agonist, bromocriptine
what is malignant hyperthermia?
inhaled aesthetics, succ, genetics
- fever and severe muscle contractions
- tx is dantrolene
what is delirium tremens?
2-3 days post alcohol-anxiety, hallucinations, autonomic instability, tremors-BENZOS
what can give you acute dystonia?
antipsychotics and anticonvulsants
-benzotropine or diphenhydramine are tx
what are the three C’s of TCA toxicity?
coma, cardiotoxicity, convulsions
what is the mechanism of atypical antipsychotics?
inhibit D2 receptors
what can lithium cause?
nephrogenic diabetes inspidius
-nephrotoxic, ebsteins anomaly, hypothyroidism
