Biochemistry: Nutrition Flashcards
Signs of Vitamin A deficiency?
Night blindness (nyctalopia), dry skin, corneal degeneration (keratomalacia), bitot spots, immunosuppression
Side effects of Vit A toxicity?
Isotretinoin (acne) is teratogenic- cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities in babies. Can get alopecia, pseudotumour cerebri, hepatic toxicity, arthalgias
What’s B1?
Thiamine
What’s B1 (thiamine) good for?
ATP- glucose breakdown (alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle), transketolase (HMP shunt) and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
What’s Beriberi?
Can get wet or dry. Wet-cardiac failure, dilated cardiomyopathy and edema. Dry (nervous system) polyneuropathy, symmetrical muscle wasting
What’s Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
confusion, opthalmoplegia and ataxia because of B1 deficiency
What’s B2 and what’s it used for?
riboflavin, redox reactions (FAD and FMN)- get cheilosis and cuts to side of mouth
What is pellagra?
Caused by B3 (niacin) deficiency? Diarrhea, dementia and dermatitis.
What is podagra?
Too much N3 (niacin)- hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, facial flushing
What is B5? What does it do?
pantothenic acid- component of Coenzyme A. Deficiency results in dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
What is B6? What does it do?
pyridoxine- makes neurotransmitters, converted to PLP (cofactor for transamination-AST, ALT)- can get polyneuropathies, comvulsions, sideroblastic anemias
What is B7? Function?
biotin- cofactor in carboxylation enz- can get dermatitis, enteritis and alopecia
B9? Function?
Folate- needed for N base synthesis for DNA/RNA. Deficiency- macrocytic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils, glossitis. Get it from leafy veggies (absorbed jejunum. No neuro effects like B12. get increased homocysteine
B12? Function
Cobalamin-cofactor for methionine synthase-DNA synthesis. Stored in liver. Get paresthesias, macrocytic anemia, irreversible nerve damage. Need intrinsic factor absorb (pernicious anemia)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) function and deficiency?
antioxidant, needed in collagen synthesis (proline and lysine). Increases iron absorption. Deficiency= scurvy-swollen gums, immunosuppression, bruising, petechiae, hemarthosis, poor wound healing, perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhage, corkscrew hair
Vitamin E?
Antioxidant-deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia, acanthocytes (spur cells), muscle weakness, demyelination.
Vitamin K?
cofactor for maturation of factor 2,7,9,10 and protein C and S. Warfarin inhibits vitamin K dependent synthesis of these factors. Not in BM, must give to neonates to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Zinc deficiency?
Important in enzymes- deficiency results in immunosuppression, poor wound healing, hypogonadism, decrease in hair, dysgeusia, anosmia, acrodermatitis enteropathica.
What is Kwashiorkor?
protein malnutrition- small child with big belly- MEALS-malnutrition, edema, anemia, liver is fatty and slom lesions (hyperkeratosis and dyspigmentation)
What is Marasmus?
protein malnutrition NOT causing edema, deficient in calories, but no absent nutrients, you get muscle wasting
What is Fomepizole?
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase-antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol OD
What is Disulfiram?
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and causes build up of acetylaldehyde which causes hangover symptoms to try and prevent binge drinking
