psychiatry Flashcards
what is the ICD-10 criteria of psychosis?
1 or more of:
· Thought echo, insertion, withdrawal or broadcast
· Delusions of control or passivity
· Hallucinatory voices giving a running commentary discussing the patient amongst themselves
Other persisting delusions
2 or more of:
· Persistent hallucinations
· Thought disorganisation (loosening of association, incoherence or neologism)
· Catatonic symptoms – immobile, unresponsive stupor
· Negative symptoms
· Change in personal behaviour (loss of interest, aimlessness or social withdrawal)
What are the risks of SSRIs during first and third trimester pregnancy?
first: risk of congenital malformations
third: risk of persistent pul hypertension
- Paroxetine has an increased risk of congenital malformations, particularly in the first trimester
what are symptoms of SSRI discontinuation?
GI symptoms: diarrhoea, nausea
increased mood change
restlessness
difficulty sleeping
unsteadiness
sweating
gastrointestinal symptoms: pain, cramping, diarrhoea, vomiting
paraesthesia
what is De Clerambault’s syndrome
Delusional disorder-Eroctomania: presence of a delusion that a famous perso is in love with them, with the absence of other psychotic symptoms
what are the risks of zopiclone in the elderly?
increases risk of falls in the elderly
what is the MOA of zopiclone?
Z drug: binds to alpha 2 GABA receptor
Cyclopyrrolones
What is Munchausen’s syndrome?
aka Factitious disorder. Purposefully causing symptoms, for example a diabetic taking too much insulin to cause hypos
What is malingering?
faking symptoms for financial or or personal gain
what is conversion disorder?
also known as Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD), typically presents with neurological symptoms such as paralysis, blindness, or seizures that cannot be explained by medical evaluation.
what is dissociative disorder?
disruptions or gaps in memory, awareness, identity or perception that are too extreme to be considered mere forgetfulness. These disorders often develop as a way to cope with trauma.
What is the difference between tangentiality vs circumstantiality
tangentiality= wandering from a topic without returning to it (doesnt answer q)
circumstantiality= wandering from topic and eventually answers it (inability to answer a question without adding un-necessary details)
how can you differentiate depression with Alzheimer’s dementia in elderly?
depression: loss of appetite, waking up early, poor concentration, recent grief, short history- rapid onset, pt worried about poor memory
global memory loss
What is Korsakoff’s syndrome?
complication of Wernicke’s encephalopathy including anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, and confabulation
What are the symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
clinical triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion
what is somatisation disorder?
characterised by the recurrent presentation of physical symptoms such as nausea, headaches, and palpitations in the absence of a detectable organic cause. These symptoms are not intentionally produced or feigned,
what are the key symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
fluctuating mood, turbulent relationships and self-harm. Paranoid thoughts and visual or auditory hallucinations can also occur.
what is knight’s move thinking?
severe type of loosening of associations, where there are unexpected and illogical leaps from one idea to another. It is a feature of schizophrenia.
can have slow speech
what are the symptoms of post concussion syndrome?
headache
fatigue
anxiety/depression
dizziness
how can schizoid and avoidant PD be differentiated?
avoidant: social isolation and avoidance of activities due to a fear of embarrassment, criticism and fear of others
schizoid: preference of being alone due to lack of interest
What is Charles Bonnet syndrome and what ophthalmological dx is it associated with?
CBS is characterised by persistent or recurrent complex hallucinations (usually visual or auditory), occurring in clear consciousness. This is generally against a background of visual impairment (although visual impairment is not mandatory for a diagnosis). Insight is usually preserved. This must occur in the absence of any other significant neuropsychiatric disturbance.
ass with age related macular degeneration
which medication can help treat SE of tardive dyskinesia?
tetrabenazine
which medications can help treat SE of acute dystonia?
Procyclidine and benztropine
Which psychology therapy can help with personality disorders?
dialectical behaviour therapy
which SE is more common in ECT- retrograde or anterograde amnesia?
retrograde amnesia (ability to remember past events)
