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Psychiatry > psychiatric terms > Flashcards

psychiatric terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a delusion?

A

false, unshakeable idea or belief which is out of keeping with the patient’s educational, cultural and social background. It is held with extraordinary conviction and subjective certainty. It is a phenomenon that is outside normal experience.
They are knowledge claims, not belief claims, as in an everyday assumption or notion, and are always self-referential. Even if factually correct, it’s a delusion if the evidence on which it is based is delusional.

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2
Q

What is capgras vs fregoli syndrome?

A

capgras is the delusion that those close to them have been replaced by an exact looking imposter. Fregoli is that a single person is impersonating several people sp they will meet multiple people but think they are all the same

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3
Q

What are ideas of reference?

A

see normal events as being of personal significance eg Tv talking to them or random people on the street

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4
Q

what is paranoia?

A

any mental illness where a delusional belief is the most prominent feature

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5
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

felt to occur externally in any sensory modality but with no external stimulus

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6
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A

over detailed but can follow thought process and returns to question asked, talking at great length around the point - eg anxiety or just rambly old person

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7
Q

What is tangential vs knights move thinking?

A

Tangentiality refers to wandering from a topic without returning to it.

Knight’s move thinking is a severe type of loosening of associations, where there are unexpected and illogical leaps from one idea to another. It is a feature of schizophrenia.

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8
Q

What is flight of ideas?

A

subjective quickening of thoughts that are not always followed to completion indicates mania eg puns, rhymes and clang association

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9
Q

Thought alienation?

A

includes thought broadcast/echo/insertion/withdrawal

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10
Q

what is a neologism?

A

making up of a word

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11
Q

what is catatonic behaviour?

A

a state of excited or inhibited motor activity in the absence of a mood disorder or neurological disease. It includes a number of other terms:

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12
Q

what is cotards syndrome?

A

patient believe are dead and rotting inside

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13
Q

what is schizoaffective disorder?

A

schizo and mood symptoms of same intesnity at same time with no other cause

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14
Q

schizotypical?

A

this is a type of personality disorder

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15
Q

what is depersonalisation

A

a feeling of some change in the self, associated with a sense of detachment from one’s own body. Perception fails to awaken a feeling of reality, actions seem mechanical and the patient feels like an apathetic spectator of his own activities. Maintain insight so is not a delusion

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16
Q

what is derealisation

A

a sense of detachment from one’s surroundings - lacking reality, often appearing dull, grey and lifeless.

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17
Q

what is dissociation

A

sense of one’s surroundings lacking reality, often appearing dull, grey and lifeless.
eg fugue state, amnesia, disocciative personality disorder

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18
Q

What is an illusion?

A

Illusions are misperception of real stimuli

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19
Q

Whast is a pseudo-hallucination?

A

A hallucination that a patient is aware is unreal occur in BPD, charles bonnet syndrome and drug use.
Occurs in the subjective space of ones inner mins rather than the external sensory organs.

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20
Q

What is an over valued idea?

A

a false or exaggerated belief sustained beyond logic or reason but with less rigidity than a delusion, also often being less patently unbelievable. (eg. I’m the best employee ever, lecture week would fail without me!)

21
Q

What is delusional perception?

A

A Schneiderian first-rank symptom in which a person believes that a normal percept (product of perception) has a special meaning for him or her.
same as ideas of reference but hold to greater conviction

22
Q

What is running commentary?

A

An auditory third person hallucination, first rank symptom, comment on everything the person does

23
Q

Hypnopompic hallucination?

A

hallcucination when coming out of sleep

24
Q

Hypnogogic hallucination?

A

hallucination when entering sleep

25
Q

What is a reflex hallucination?

A

Reflex hallucinations occur when true sensory input in one sense leads to production of a hallucination in another sense, e.g. seeing a doctor writing (visual) and then feeling him writing across one’s stomach (tactile).

26
Q

What is an extracampine hallucination?

A

Extracampine hallucinations are hallucinations beyond the possible sensory field, e.g., ‘seeing’ somebody standing behind you is a visual extracampine hallucination experience.

27
Q

what is thought insertion?

A

Thought Insertion: The delusion that certain of ones thoughts are not ones own, but rather are inserted into ones mind. Emphasis on thoughts being alien.

28
Q

What is thought withdrawal?

A

Thoughts Withdrawal - The belief that thoughts have been stolen from ones mind by an entity

29
Q

What is thought broadcast?

A

Thought Broadcasting: The delusion that ones thoughts are being broadcast out loud so that they can be perceived by others.

30
Q

What is thought echo?

A

Thought Echo- a form of auditory hallucination in which the patient hears his thoughts spoken aloud, either simultaneous with him thinking it or a moment or two afterwards.

31
Q

What is thought block?

A

Thought Blocking: sudden interruption in the train of thought, leaving a blank

32
Q

What is loosening of association?

A

Loosening of Association- there is a lack of logical association between succeeding thoughts. It gives rise to incoherent speech (in the absence of brain pathology). It is impossible to follow the patients train of thought (knight’s move thinking/derailment).

33
Q

What is perseveration?

A

Perseveration - repetition of a word, theme or action beyond that point at which it was relevant and appropriate

34
Q

What is confabulation

A

giving a false account to fill a gap in memory.

35
Q

What is waxy flexibility?

A

the patient’s limbs when moved feel like wax or lead pipe, and remain in the position in which they are left. Found rarely in (catatonic) schizophrenia and structural brain disease.

36
Q

What is echolalia

A

automatic repetition of words heard.

37
Q

What is echopraxia?

A

an automatic repetition by the patient of movements made by the examiner.

38
Q

What is logoclonia?

A

repetition of the last syllable of a word

39
Q

What is negativism?

A

motiveless resistance to movement

40
Q

What is palilalia?

A

repetition of a word over and again with increasing frequency.

41
Q

What is verbigeration?

A

repetition of one or several sentences or strings of fragmented words, often in a rather monotonous tone.

42
Q

What is pressure of speech?

A

is manifest in a very rapid rate of delivery, a wealth of associations which may be quite unusual, (e.g. rhymes and puns) and often wanders off the point of the original conversation. This is highly suggestive ofmania

43
Q

What are flight of ideas?

A

rapid skipping from one thought to distantly related ideas, the relation often being so tentative as for instance the sound (rhyming) of different utterances

44
Q

What is incongruity of affect?

A

Emotional responses which seem grossly out of tune with the situation or subject being discussed

45
Q

What is blunting of affect?

A

an objective absence of normal emotional responses, without evidence of depression or psychomotor retardation

46
Q

What is an obsession

A

a recurrent persistent thought, image, or impulse that enters consciousness unbidden, is recognised as being ones own and often remains despite efforts to resist.

47
Q

What is a compulsion?

A

repetitive, apparently purposeful behaviour performed in a stereotyped way accompanied by a subjective sense that it must be carried out despite the recognition of its senselessness and often resistance by the patient. Recognised as morbid by the affected individual.

48
Q

What is akathisia?

A

a condition marked by motor restlessness, ranging from anxiety to inability to lie or sit quietly or to sleep,

49
Q

flight of ideas vs knight moves thinking

A

In flight of ideas, there are discernible links between the topics that the patient jumps between, whilst in Knight’s move thinking there are no discernible links between the topics that the patient jumps between in conversation. This is known as loosening of association.

Psychiatry (15 decks)

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