Psychiatric/Mental Health (Exam Five) Flashcards
Which disorder has an onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains?
Intellectual Development Disorder (IDD)`
What are the risk factors for developing Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)?
- Family history of Tay-Sachs disease
- Childhood meningococcal infection
- Deprivation of nurturance and social stimulation
- Birth trauma
How is the degree of Intellectual Developmental Disorder measured?
Patients IQ level
List the four degrees of IQ severity. (Include name and number)
- Mild (50-70)
- Moderate (35-49)
- Severe (20-34)
- Profound (below 20)
Describe the characteristics of mild degree Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD).
- Academic skills up to 6th grade level
- Able to live independently
- Psychomotor skills not affected
- Able to develop social skills
Describe the characteristics of moderate degree Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD).
- Academic skills up to 2nd grade level
- Requires supervision during activities
- Motor development is fair
- Nonadherence to social convention
Describe the characteristics of severe degree Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD).
- Unable to benefit from academic training
- Minimal verbal skills
- Poor psychomotor skills
- Requires complete supervision
Describe the characteristics of profound degree Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD).
- Unable to benefit from any academic training
- Requires constant care and supervision
- No socialization skills
- Little to no speech development
How would a patient diagnosed with severe intellectual development disorder (IDD) communicate their wants and needs?
By acting-out behaviors
Which disorder is characterized by a withdrawal of the child into the self and into a fantasy world of his or her own creation?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
T/F: A predisposition to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is poor parenting.
- False
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is not related to poor parenting
List the signs and symptoms common among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
- Impaired social interaction
- Impaired communication
- Repetitive type activity
- Self-soothing (i.e. rocking and pacing)
The nurse knows that head-banging is associated with what disorder? What is the primary nursing intervention for a child who continuously bangs their head against the wall?
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Apply a helmet
A child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has a nursing diagnosis of disturbed personal identity. What would be the desired outcome?
Identify their own body parts
Why might a psychiatrist prescribed medication to a child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Are these medications used to treat autism?
- To relieve subsequent symptoms (i.e. aggression, irritability)
- No, they’re not used to treat autism itself
List the two medications used for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
- Risperidone
- Aripiprazole
The nurse knows they should do what in order to make a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) feel more comfortable?
Provide consistent caregivers
Which disorder is characterized by excessive psychomotor activity that may be purposeful or aimless, accompanied by physical movements and verbal utterances that are usually more rapid than normal?
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
The essential behavior pattern of a child with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of:
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
Describe impulsiveness.
The trait of acting without reflection and without thought to the consequences of the behavior
Nursing interventions for the child with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are aimed at:
- Setting limits with consequences
- Provide rewards for appropriate behavior
- Provide group settings for the child
What drug class is primarily prescribed, and considered first line treatment, for individuals suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulants
List an example of a drug used to treat Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methylphenidate
List the side effects of methylphenidate.
- Insomnia
- Anorexia
- Tachycardia
- Decreased appetite
- Decreased growth and development
Children on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder drugs are at an increased risk for what?
Injury-related hospital admissions
What disorder is characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics?
Tourette’s disorder
According to the DSM-5, what diagnostic criteria must be met in order for a child to be diagnosed with Tourette’s syndrome?
- Motor and vocal tics must be present
- Tics are persistent for more than 1 year
What medication class(s) are effective in treating Tourette’s syndrome?
- Antipsychotics (neuroleptic)
- Alpha-agonists
List the medications often used to treat Tourette’s syndrome.
- Haloperidol
- Risperidone
- Aripiprazole
Pharmacological intervention for Tourette’s disorder is most effective when it is what?
Combined with other psychosocial therapy
What disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior that occurs more frequently than is usually observed in individuals of comparable age and interferes with social, educational, or vocational activities?
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
A child will display persistent patterns of behavior in which basic rights of others and major rules are violated if they are diagnosed with what disorder?
Conduct Disorder (CD)
Is childhood-onset type or adolescent-onset type Conduct Disorder (CD) considered more severe?
Childhood-onset type
T/F: When Conduct Disorder (CD) begins in childhood, there is more likely to be a history of ODD and a greater likelihood of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood than if the disorder is diagnosed in adolescence.
True
The nurse working on a unit of adolescents notices a patient with Conduct Disorder (CD) is becoming verbally abusive to another member of the milieu. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Remove everyone from the milieu to provide safety
What is a common predisposing factor when assessing a child diagnosed with Separation Anxiety Disorder?
Child’s mother is diagnosed with an anxiety disorder
Behavior therapy is most beneficial to children diagnosed with what disorder(s)?
Disruptive behavior disorders (i.e. ADHD, ODD, Conduct Disorder)
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, individuals aged 55 through 64 are classified as what?
Older
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, individuals aged 65 through 74 are classified as what?
Elderly
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, individuals aged 75 through 84 are classified as what?
Aged
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, individuals aged 85 years and older are classified as what?
Very old
Whether one is considered “old” must be self-determined, based on these variables:
- Attitude
- Mental health
- Physical health
- Degree of independence
Provide examples of older adults who are considered to have a positive self-concept.
- Busy mother who volunteers
- Middle-aged professor who hosts a part for students
List factors that affect aging according to the environmental theory.
- Industrial carcinogens
- Sunlight
- Trauma
- Infection
_______-______ memory seems to deteriorate with age, while ________-______ memory does not show similar changes.
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory
T/F: Mentally active people show less memory declined than those who are not mentally active.
True
What are the most common affective illnesses occurring after the middle years?
Depressive disorders
What is one of the most common and critical forms of psychopathology in later life?
Delirium
List the factors that contribute to risks for caregiver elder abuse.
- Economic stress
- Substance abuse
- Difficult coping with caregiver role
- Criminal behavior history
List the identified risk factors for victims of abuse.
- White female
- Aged 70 or older
- Mental/physical impairment
- Inability to meet self-care needs
- Having care that exceeds caretakers ability
T/F: Elder victims often minimize the abuse or deny that it has occurred.
True
______________ therapy is especially helpful with elderly patients.
Reminiscence therapy
Reminiscence therapy helps increase ________-________ and decreases the likelihood of ____________.
- Self-esteem
- Depression
Describe abuse.
The maltreatment of one person by another
What disorder of the brain has been implicated in the disposition to aggressive and violent behavior?
Temporal lobe epilepsy
A pattern of coercive control founded on and supported by physical and/or sexual violence or threat of violence toward and intimate partner is known as what?
Battering
T/F: The typical abuser is very possessive and perceives his spouse as a possession.
True
List the three distinct phases of the cycle of battering.
- Phase 1: Tension-building phase
- Phase 2: Acute battering incident
- Phase 3: Honeymoon phase
Describe Phase 1: Tension Building Phase of the cycles of battering.
- Man’s tolerance for frustration is declining
- Can last weeks, months, or years
Describe Phase 2: Acute Battering Incident of the cycles of battering.
- Most violent
- Shortest phase
- Usually lasts up to 24 hours
Describe Phase 3: Honeymoon Phase of the cycles of battering.
Batterer becomes extremely loving, kind, and contrite
What are the most common response battered women give for staying in their abusive relationship?
- They fear for their lives and/or the lives of their children
- Sense of powerlessness
What aspects are considered central to the dynamic of domestic violence?
- Power
- Control
Signs of physical child abuse include the following:
- Shrinks at the approach of adults
- Frightened of adults
- Often absent from school
- Multiple bruises in various stages of healing
- Appears apathetic and tired
The occurrence of sexual contacts or interaction between, or sexual exploitation of, close relatives, or between participants who are related to each other by kinship bond that is regarded as a prohibition to sexual relations is know as what?
Incest
_________ is the expression of power and dominance by means of sexual violence, most commonly by men over women, although men may also be victims.
Rape
Describe actions displayed by the victim of a rape who is experiencing the expressed response pattern.
- Crying
- Sobbing
- Restless
- Tension
Describe actions displayed by the victim of a rape who is experiencing the controlled response pattern.
- Masked feelings
- Calm
- Composed
- Subdued affect
What is the silent rape reaction?
Survivor tells no one about the assault
What is the primary nursing intervention for the victim of abuse or neglect?
- Provide shelter
- Promote reassurance of his/her safety
What type of care is foundational to all treatment modalities for survivors of abuse and neglect?
Trauma-informed care
Which act called for the construction of comprehensive community mental health center, the cost of which would be shared by federal and state governments?
Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963
What deterred the implementation of the Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963?
State governments did not have the capability to match the federal funds to establish mental health centers
Describe primary prevention.
Services aimed at reducing the incidence of mental disorders within the population
List examples of primary prevention.
- Teaching parenting skills and child development to expecting parents
- Teaching effects of alcohol and drugs to elementary/secondary school students
- Providing education and support to unemployed or homeless individuals
Describe secondary prevention.
Interventions aimed at minimizing early symptoms of psychiatric illness and directed toward reducing the prevalence and duration of the illness
A client with schizophrenia is hospitalized due to a psychosis exacerbation. What level of prevention does this fall under?
Secondary prevention
Describe tertiary prevention.
Services directed at reducing the residual defects associated with severe and persistent mental illnesses
