Gastrointestinal System (Exam One) Flashcards
What diagnostic test is considered the gold standard when attempting to identify the source of nausea and vomiting?
Endoscopy (EGD)
What is the primary nursing management for a patient who is constantly vomiting?
- NPO
- IV fluids until causative source is identified
The nurse knows to do what in order to prevent a post-operative patient from aspiration?
Turn them on their side
What type of oral intake should be implemented FIRST after nausea and vomiting?
Clear liquids
A patient who is lethargic and difficult to arouse is at an increased risk for what?
Aspiration
A patient diagnosed with GERD experiences nighttime disturbances. What type of education should the nurse provide to the patient?
Elevate the HOB
The nurse should plan on the completing what type of assessment on a patient with GERD who has a decreased level of consciousness?
Respiratory assessment (i.e. auscultate breath sounds)
What type of education should the nurse provide to a patient newly diagnosed with GERD?
- Upright position 2 to 3 hours after meals
- Avoid eating 3 hours before bed
- Avoid tight clothing
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) aid in treating what diagnosis?
- GERD
- Heartburn
How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) aid in decreasing heartburn and treating GERD?
Decrease stomach acid production
The nurse should educate the patient to take proton pump inhibitors during what time of day?
Before first meal
List examples of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
HINT: -azole
- Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- Esomeprazole (Nexium)
- Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
- Pantoprazole (Protonix)
What drug classes are commonly administered to patients with peptic ulcer disease?
- H2 receptor blockers
- Prokinetics
What is the primary function of H2 receptor blockers?
- Decreases gastric acid secretion
- Inhibit development of stress ulcers
List examples of H2 receptor blockers.
HINT: -dine
- Famotidine (Pepcid/Zantac)
- Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Describe the function of the drug class prokinetics.
- Increase gastric emptying
- Increase gastric motility
List examples of prokinetics.
Reglan
What side effects should the nurse be aware of when administering Reglan to a patient?
- Hallucinations
- Tremors
- Dyskinesia
Describe the function of antacids.
- Neutralize stomach acid
- Quick relief for mild, intermittent symptoms
- Short duration
The nurse should educate the patient to take antacids at what time of the day?
- After meals
- At bedtime
What type of education should the nurse provide to a patient who is fixing to have a esophagram (barium swallow) diagnostic study performed?
- Cause severe constipation
- Cause clay-colored stools
- Increase fluid intake
The nurse knows they cannot administer magnesium preparations of antacids to patients with what disease process?
Renal failure
A patient who takes an excessive amount of antacids is at an increased risk for developing what?
Hypercalcemia
The nurse knows a patient with a history of Nissan fundoplication will require what type of meals?
- Smaller meals
- More frequent meals
After the nurse teaches a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about recommended dietary modifications, which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching has been effective?
A. “I can have a glass of low-fat milk at bedtime.”
B. “I will have to eliminate all spicy foods from my diet.”
C. “I will have to use herbal teas instead of caffeinated drinks.”
D. “I should keep something in my stomach all the time to neutralize the excess acids.”
C. “I will have to use herbal teas instead of caffeinated drinks.”
