Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health and Illness Concepts III Nursing: N2410 > Cardiovascular System (Exam X) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System (Exam X) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

A

To perfuse the organs and tissues with oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What three protective layers make up the pericardial sac?

A
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Parietal pericardium
  • Visceral pericardium (Epicardium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In order, list the structures that blood flows through in the heart.

A 
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium 
Tricuspid Valve 
Right Ventricle 
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery 
Lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium 
Mitral Valve 
Left Ventricle 
Aortic Valve 
Aorta 
Body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the cardiac layers.

A
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the endocardium prevent?

A

Abnormal clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

Collection of veins that collects blood from the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two classes of cardiac valves?

A
  • Atrioventricular valves (AV Valves)

- Semilunar Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two atrioventricular (AV) valves?

HINT: Always “tri” to do the “right” thing

A
  • Tricuspid valve (Right AV valve)

- Bicuspid valve (Left AV valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two semilunar valves?

A
  • Pulmonary valve

- Aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When blood is flowing from the atria to the ventricles, what valves are open? What valves are close?

A
  • Atrioventricular valves are open (tricuspid and bicuspid)

- Semilunar valves are closed (pulmonic and aortic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When blood is flowing from the ventricles to the lungs and body, what valves are open? What valves are closed?

A
  • Semilunar valves are open (pulmonic and aortic)

- Atrioventricular valves are closed (tricuspid and bicuspid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define systole.

A
  • Chambers are contracting (squeezing)
  • Blood is pushed from the chambers out to body
  • Also known as period of ejection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define diastole.

A
  • Chambers are relaxing

- Blood is filling into the chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the parts of the Cardiac Conduction Pathway in order.

A
  • Sinoatrial (SA) Node
  • Atrioventricular (AV) Node
  • Bundle of His
  • Right and Left Bundle Branches
  • Purkinje Fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for detecting cardiac dysrhythmias?

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does an electrocardiogram measure?

A

Length of time it takes for electrical impulses to pass through the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe changes within the vascular system that are common of an aging individual.

A
  • Increase in systolic blood pressure
  • Increased risk of bundle branch block
  • Increase in PR interval
  • Increase in QRS duration
  • Orthostatic hypertension
  • Dysrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the equation used to calculate Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

A

(2DiastolicPressure + SystolicPressure) / 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for the following blood pressure reading: 102/38

A

(2(38) + 102) / 3 = 59.33 = 59

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for the following blood pressure reading: 155/98

A

(2(98) + 155) / 3 = 117

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for the following blood pressure reading: 76/28

A

(2(28) + 76) / 3 = 44

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for the following blood pressure reading: 120/80

A

(2(80) +120) / 3 = 93.33 = 93

23
Q

Define ejection fraction.

A

Total amount of blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction

24
Q

T/F: Jugular vein distention is a common, but not a clinically significant finding, in a patient lying flat.

25
Q

The nurse should assess for jugular vein distention with the head of the patient’s bed elevated to what degree or position ?

A

Semi- or high-Folwers position

26
Q

Where should the nurse palpate the point of maximal impulse?

A
  • Left midclavicular line

- Fifth intercostal space

27
Q

If the point of maximal impulse if felt outside of the fifth intercostal space, what might this indicate?

A
  • Cardiac enlargement

- Left ventricular hypertrophy

28
Q

Describe a bruit.

A
  • Turbulent blood flow in an artery

- Humming sound

29
Q

What laboratory value is indicative of heart failure?

A

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

30
Q

What laboratory value is highly indicative of myocardial injury or a myocardial infarction?

31
Q

What type of education should the nurse provide to a patient who is discharged home with Holter monitoring?

A
  • Loose fitting clothing
  • Sponge baths only
  • Record a diary of daily activities
32
Q

The nurse administering a stress test on a patient knows the test should be discontinued when the electrocardiogram (ECG) shows what?

A
  • T wave inversion is seen on ECG

- ST elevation is seen on ECG

33
Q

An MRI would be contraindicated in a patient who has what?

34
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypertension?

HINT: The silent killer

A

-Often no s/sx

  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Palpitations
  • Angina
  • Dyspnea
  • Headaches
35
Q

What is considered a more severe sign of hypertension or hypertensive crisis?

36
Q

T/F: Hypertension is generally asymptomatic until target organ damage occurs.

37
Q

What blood pressure ranges fall under “prehypertension”?

A
  • Systolic: 120-139

- Diastolic: 80-89

38
Q

What blood pressure ranges fall under “stage one hypertension”?

A
  • Systolic: 140-159

- Diastolic: 90-99

39
Q

What blood pressure ranges fall under “stage two hypertension”?

A
  • Systolic: >160

- Diastolic: >100

40
Q

The nurse determines that the patient has stage 2 hypertension when the patient’s average blood pressure is: (SATA)

A. 150/96 mm Hg.
B. 155/88 mm Hg.
C. 172/92 mm Hg.
D. 160/110 mm Hg.
E. 182/106 mm Hg.
41
Q

What is the treatment aimed at for a patient with secondary hypertension?

A
  • Removing cause

- Treat cause

42
Q

List the risk factors for developing primary hypertension.

A
  • Male
  • Age 64 and older
  • African American
  • Alcohol/tobacco use
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Family history
43
Q

While performing blood pressure screening at a health fair, the nurse counsels which person as having the greatest risk for developing hypertension?

A. A 56-year-old man whose father died at age 62 from a stroke
B. A 30-year-old female advertising agent who is unmarried and lives alone
C. A 68-year-old man who uses herbal remedies to treat his enlarged prostate gland
D. A 43-year-old man who travels extensively with his job and exercises only on weekends

A

A. A 56-year-old man whose father died at age 62 from a stroke

44
Q

What laboratory or diagnostic studies should the nurse monitor in a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension to assess possible target organ damage?

A
  • BUN

- Creatinine

45
Q

What education must a patient be provided with when starting on antihypertensive medication?

A
  • Medication must be continued even if s/s are not present
  • Get up slowly
  • Change positions slowly
  • Don’t abruptly discontinue medications
  • Always ask if the patient is taking their medication and if they are taking it as directed
46
Q

The nurse should educate a patient with potential white coat hypertension to do what?

A

Monitor and record blood pressure at home

47
Q

A patient’s BP has not responded consistently to prescribed drugs for hypertension. The first cause of this lack of responsiveness the nurse should explore is:

A. Progressive target organ damage
B. The possibility of drug interactions
C. The patient not adhering to therapy
D. The patient’s possible use of recreational drugs

A

C. The patient not adhering to therapy

48
Q

Which beta blockers are considered non-selective and increase the patients risk for bronchospasms?

A
  • Propranolol
  • Nadolol
  • Labetalol
  • Carvedilol
49
Q

T/F: Angioedema is considered a normal side effect of ACE Inhibitors.

A
  • False

- The patient should be instructed to notify the nurse of any lip or facial swelling

50
Q

What side effects should be monitored with ACE Inhibitors?

A
  • Cough
  • Angioedema
  • Orthostatic hypotension
51
Q

What is considered the first-line drug therapy for a geriatric patient newly diagnosed with hypertension?

A

Thiazide diuretics

52
Q

An older adult diagnosed with hypertension should be educated on avoiding what drug class, as they can prevent adequate blood pressure control?

53
Q

A patient who displays what type of symptoms is most at risk for developing a hypertensive crisis?

A

Stroke-like symptoms

Health and Illness Concepts III Nursing: N2410 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions