Psychiatric Concepts

Question 1

121) What is EPS?

Answer 1

Extrapyramidal Symptoms

-inability to sit still, involuntary muscle movements, tremors, stiff muscles, and facial movements (blinking excessively)

Question 2

122) What is the treatment of choice for EPS or prevention of EPS?

Answer 2

Diphenhydramine or benztropine @ bedtime

Question 3

123) What is Tardive Dyskinesia?

Answer 3

protrusion of tongue, chewing movements and other slow rhythmic involuntary movements, may occur with long-term use of some antipsychotics

Question 4

124) What are two drugs that can treat the symptoms of TD?

Answer 4

-Deutetrabenazine

-Valbenazine

Question 5

125) What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 5

A rare, but potentially fatal complication that may occur within hours of treatment or years later with some antipsychotics. Sx: lead-pipe muscle rigidity, sudden severe temp elevation

Question 6

126) Treatment for Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 6

Dantrolene

Question 7

127) What is serotonin syndrome?

Answer 7

Condition primarily of hyperactivity. Caused by antidepressants which increase serotonin levels

Question 8

130) What is the primary advantage of atypical antipsychotic medications?

Answer 8

-treat both positive symptoms and negative symptoms
-little to no EPS

Question 9

131) What are some examples of atypical antipsychotic medications?

Answer 9

clozapine
aripiprazole
brexpriprazole
risperidone

Question 10

132) What are some food interactions to be concerned about with atypical antipsychotic medications?

Question 11

133) What are some food interactions to be concerned about with MOAI medications?

Answer 11

tyramine containing foods
(aged or smoked meats, cheese, red wine)
-causes life threatening hypertensive crisis

Question 12

134) While tricyclic antidepressants were the original antidepressant they are used less frequently today. When they are used, it is more often for an off-label use as an adjunct to pain management or to help with sleep disturbances. Why?

Answer 12

-no antidote
-can be particularly toxic if overdose due to adverse cardiac effects

Question 13

135) Medications used in the treatment of substance abuse.

SMOKING

Answer 13

-nicotine replacement therapy

-bupropion

-varenicline

Question 14

135) Medications used in the treatment of substance abuse.

ALCOHOL

Answer 14

-disulfiram: alcohol deterrent causes extreme vomiting

-naltrexone: decreases craving for alcohol

Question 15

135) Medications used in the treatment of substance abuse.

OPIATES

Answer 15

-buprenorphine +/- naloxone to help taper the client off opiates without severe withdrawal symptoms

-methadone

-naltrexone: maintenance

Question 16

136) Prevention of seizure in acute withdrawal in the hospital?

Answer 16

Benzodiazepine IV

Question 17

137) Prevention of seizure for alcohol withdrawal/DT oral medication?

Answer 17

chlordiazepoxide (librium)