anti-infective medication concepts

Question 1

common side effects of antibiotics

Answer 1

diarrhea, N/V, superinfection, render oral contraceptives ineffective

Question 2

how can side effects of antibiotics be managed?

Answer 2

take with food, monitor patient for ADRs, check allergies for cross sensitivity, monitor for superinfection (flora modulator), pre/pro biotics

Question 3

special considerations for administering nephrotoxic antibiotics like vancomycin?

Answer 3

check kidney function first and check drug levels during therapy

Question 4

what is the minimum rate of administration for vancomycin?

Answer 4

1 hour

Question 5

what happens if vancomycin is given too quickly?

Answer 5

Redman’s syndrome

Question 6

Symptoms of Redman’s Syndrome

Answer 6

erythema of neck, back, trunk (from the nipple line and up), low BP, fever, chills

Question 7

what antibiotics are not recommended for pregnant women and children?

Answer 7

tetracycline; can cause discoloration of the teeth

Question 8

what is HAART?

Answer 8

highly active anti-retroviral therapy (lamivudine, zidovudine, stavudine, delavirdine, doravirine, nevirapine)

Question 9

how would you know if the HAART is effective?

Answer 9

checking viral load and CD4-T cell count from blood work

Question 10

signs and symptoms of herpes virus?

Answer 10

cold sores/lesions around the mouth and/or genitals

Question 11

herpes virus treatment

Answer 11

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

Question 12

possible treatment for Hep C

Answer 12

DOC = ribavirin + immuno modifier
ledipasvir + sofosbuvir (Harvoni)
velpatasvir + sofosbuvir (Epclusa)

Question 13

common medication treatment for tuberculosis

Answer 13

isoniazid and rifampin

Question 14

special considerations for isoniazid

Answer 14

this drug can be neurotoxic and hepatotoxic; monitor liver labs and given vitamin B6 to prevent neurotoxicity