Psych Theories Flashcards
Freud
Id, or unconscious mind: means?
Id: instinctual-immediate gratification regardless of consequences
Freud
Ego, or conscious mind: means?
Ego: control-more particular about gratification
Freud
Superego, or conscience or moral arbitrator: means?
Superego: morals-weights pros and cons
Freud
Oral stage
When and what?
birth to 1 year-life experienced through mouth = pleasure seeking
- sucking
- biting
- chewing
Freud
Anal stage
1-3 years: toilet training experience can shape personality
Freud
Phallic stage
When and what?
3-6 years-recognize differences in genders
- Oedipus/Electra complex
- penis envy
- castration anxiety
Freud
Latency stage
When and what?
6-12 years: Period of physical and personality development
- elaborate previously acquired skills
- energy –> knowledge and vigorous play
Freud
Genital stage
When and what?
12 years +: puberty
- energy –> friendships
- sexual tension
Erikson
from birth to 1 year
basic conflict and event?
Trust versus mistrust
*Feeding
Erikson
from 1 to 3 years
basic conflict and event?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Autonomy: success in manipulating the environment
*Toilet Training
Erikson
from 3 to 6 years
basic conflict and event?
Initiative versus guilt
Initiative: Trying new things/making good choices
*Exploring
Erikson
from 6 to 12 years
basic conflict and event?
Industry versus inferiority
Industry: Achievement-going to school, learning rules, making friends
*Attending School
Erikson
from 12 to 18 years
basic conflict and event?
Identity versus role confusion
Identity: self-esteem and concept
*Social Relationships
Trust vs Mistrust: 0-1 yr
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Children develop a
sense of faith in the environment
and to caregivers love and
affection
Unfavorable: Suspicion and fear
of people/events
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: 1-3 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Children develop
personal control over behavior
and actions. Child feels adequate
and independent
Unfavorable: Feelings of shame
and self-doubt
Preschool:
3 5 years Initiative vs Guilt Exploring
Initiative vs Guilt: 3-6 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Ability of the child
to take initiative and be assertive.
Leads to a sense of purpose
Unfavorable: Feeling guilty and
inadequate
Industry vs Inferiority: 6-12 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Ability to learn and
grow socially/academically
(feeling competent)
Unfavorable: Feeling inferior
Identity vs Role Confusion: 12-18 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Ability to see one’s self
self as unique. Develop a sense
of personal identity while staying
true to yourself
Unfavorable: Feeling lonely,
isolated and confused
Piaget
birth to 2 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Sensorimotor:
progress from reflex movement to purposeful movement
- Object permanence
- Stranger anxiety
- Behaviors to noises
- Develop our senses
Piaget
2 to 7 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Preoperational:
Children see the world as it relates to them
- Irreversibility
- Pretend play
- Egocentrism
- Language development
Piaget
7 to 11 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Concrete:
solve problems that have physical form, not able to deal with abstracts or theory
• Conservation (something can stay the same in quantity but look different) • Reversibility • Mathematics
Piaget
11 to 15 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Formal:
Able to think about theoretical and reason
• No longer limited by what is seen or heard • Can transcend a concrete situation and think about the future • Moral reasoning
Kohlberg
Preconventional
Preconventional: good vs bad-consequences of actions
Kohlberg
Conventional
Conventional: belonging to a group-obey rules
