Psych Theories

Question 1

Freud

Id, or unconscious mind: means?

Answer 1

Id: instinctual-immediate gratification regardless of consequences

Question 2

Freud

Ego, or conscious mind: means?

Answer 2

Ego: control-more particular about gratification

Question 3

Freud

Superego, or conscience or moral arbitrator: means?

Answer 3

Superego: morals-weights pros and cons

Question 4

Freud

Oral stage

When and what?

Answer 4

birth to 1 year-life experienced through mouth = pleasure seeking

• sucking
• biting
• chewing

Question 5

Freud

Anal stage

Answer 5

1-3 years: toilet training experience can shape personality

Question 6

Freud

Phallic stage

When and what?

Answer 6

3-6 years-recognize differences in genders

• Oedipus/Electra complex
• penis envy
• castration anxiety

Question 7

Freud

Latency stage

When and what?

Answer 7

6-12 years: Period of physical and personality development

• elaborate previously acquired skills
• energy –> knowledge and vigorous play

Question 8

Freud

Genital stage

When and what?

Answer 8

12 years +: puberty

• energy –> friendships
• sexual tension

Question 9

Erikson

from birth to 1 year

basic conflict and event?

Answer 9

Trust versus mistrust

*Feeding

Question 10

Erikson

from 1 to 3 years

basic conflict and event?

Answer 10

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Autonomy: success in manipulating the environment

*Toilet Training

Question 11

Erikson

from 3 to 6 years

basic conflict and event?

Answer 11

Initiative versus guilt

Initiative: Trying new things/making good choices

*Exploring

Question 12

Erikson

from 6 to 12 years

basic conflict and event?

Answer 12

Industry versus inferiority

Industry: Achievement-going to school, learning rules, making friends

*Attending School

Question 13

Erikson

from 12 to 18 years

basic conflict and event?

Answer 13

Identity versus role confusion

Identity: self-esteem and concept

*Social Relationships

Question 14

Trust vs Mistrust: 0-1 yr

Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)

Answer 14

Favorable: Children develop a
sense of faith in the environment
and to caregivers love and
affection

Unfavorable: Suspicion and fear
of people/events

Question 15

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: 1-3 yrs

Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)

Answer 15

Favorable: Children develop
personal control over behavior
and actions. Child feels adequate
and independent

Unfavorable: Feelings of shame
and self-doubt
Preschool:
3 􀂱 5 years Initiative vs Guilt Exploring

Question 16

Initiative vs Guilt: 3-6 yrs

Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)

Answer 16

Favorable: Ability of the child
to take initiative and be assertive.
Leads to a sense of purpose

Unfavorable: Feeling guilty and
inadequate

Question 17

Industry vs Inferiority: 6-12 yrs

Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)

Answer 17

Favorable: Ability to learn and
grow socially/academically
(feeling competent)

Unfavorable: Feeling inferior

Question 18

Identity vs Role Confusion: 12-18 yrs

Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)

Answer 18

Favorable: Ability to see one’s self
self as unique. Develop a sense
of personal identity while staying
true to yourself

Unfavorable: Feeling lonely,
isolated and confused

Question 19

Piaget

birth to 2 years

stage and developmental qualities?

Answer 19

Sensorimotor:
progress from reflex movement to purposeful movement

• Object permanence
• Stranger anxiety
• Behaviors to noises
• Develop our senses

Question 20

Piaget

2 to 7 years

stage and developmental qualities?

Answer 20

Preoperational:
Children see the world as it relates to them

• Irreversibility
• Pretend play
• Egocentrism
• Language development

Question 21

Piaget

7 to 11 years

stage and developmental qualities?

Answer 21

Concrete:
solve problems that have physical form, not able to deal with abstracts or theory

• Conservation (something can
stay the same in quantity but
look different)
• Reversibility
• Mathematics

Question 22

Piaget

11 to 15 years

stage and developmental qualities?

Answer 22

Formal:
Able to think about theoretical and reason

• No longer limited by what is
seen or heard
• Can transcend a concrete
situation and think about the
future
• Moral reasoning

Question 23

Kohlberg

Preconventional

Answer 23

Preconventional: good vs bad-consequences of actions

Question 24

Kohlberg

Conventional

Answer 24

Conventional: belonging to a group-obey rules

Question 25

Kohlberg

Post-conventiona

Answer 25

Post-conventional:

obeys rules accepted by society-right and wrong are viewed based on fair and just treatment

Question 26

Development of Self-Concept

What is self concept?

Answer 26

How you describe yourself

Question 27

Development of Self-Concept

body image?

Answer 27

the subjective concepts and attitude that you view your body

1. ) physical
2. ) psycho
3. ) social nature (from others)

Question 28

Development of Self-Concept

self-esteem

Answer 28

the personal, subjective judgment of one’s worthiness derived from / influenced by social groups and their perceived value from them

Question 29

Development of Self-Concept

Stages

1. ) Infant
2. ) School-age
3. ) Early adolescence

Answer 29

infant:

School-age:

Early adolescence”

Question 30

Piaget

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE

means?
the age range?

Answer 30

Birth – 2 years old

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
– the newborn is experiencing the world through senses and actions

Question 31

Piaget

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE

means?
the age range?

Answer 31

2 – 6 years old

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
– representing the world symbolically (objects with
words and images) but lacking logical reasoning

Question 32

Piaget

CONCRETE
OPERATIONAL STAGE

means?
the age range?

Answer 32

7 – 11 years old

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
– development of logical thought about concrete events and grasps concrete analogies

“If nothing is added or taken
away, then the amount of
something stays the same”

Question 33

Piaget

FORMAL OPERATIONAL
STAGE

means?
the age range?

Answer 33

12 years – Adulthood

FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
– able to think in an abstract manner (ex: beauty,
love, freedom, morality)