Psych Theories Flashcards
Freud
Id, or unconscious mind: means?
Id: instinctual-immediate gratification regardless of consequences
Freud
Ego, or conscious mind: means?
Ego: control-more particular about gratification
Freud
Superego, or conscience or moral arbitrator: means?
Superego: morals-weights pros and cons
Freud
Oral stage
When and what?
birth to 1 year-life experienced through mouth = pleasure seeking
- sucking
- biting
- chewing
Freud
Anal stage
1-3 years: toilet training experience can shape personality
Freud
Phallic stage
When and what?
3-6 years-recognize differences in genders
- Oedipus/Electra complex
- penis envy
- castration anxiety
Freud
Latency stage
When and what?
6-12 years: Period of physical and personality development
- elaborate previously acquired skills
- energy –> knowledge and vigorous play
Freud
Genital stage
When and what?
12 years +: puberty
- energy –> friendships
- sexual tension
Erikson
from birth to 1 year
basic conflict and event?
Trust versus mistrust
*Feeding
Erikson
from 1 to 3 years
basic conflict and event?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Autonomy: success in manipulating the environment
*Toilet Training
Erikson
from 3 to 6 years
basic conflict and event?
Initiative versus guilt
Initiative: Trying new things/making good choices
*Exploring
Erikson
from 6 to 12 years
basic conflict and event?
Industry versus inferiority
Industry: Achievement-going to school, learning rules, making friends
*Attending School
Erikson
from 12 to 18 years
basic conflict and event?
Identity versus role confusion
Identity: self-esteem and concept
*Social Relationships
Trust vs Mistrust: 0-1 yr
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Children develop a
sense of faith in the environment
and to caregivers love and
affection
Unfavorable: Suspicion and fear
of people/events
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: 1-3 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Children develop
personal control over behavior
and actions. Child feels adequate
and independent
Unfavorable: Feelings of shame
and self-doubt
Preschool:
3 5 years Initiative vs Guilt Exploring
Initiative vs Guilt: 3-6 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Ability of the child
to take initiative and be assertive.
Leads to a sense of purpose
Unfavorable: Feeling guilty and
inadequate
Industry vs Inferiority: 6-12 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Ability to learn and
grow socially/academically
(feeling competent)
Unfavorable: Feeling inferior
Identity vs Role Confusion: 12-18 yrs
Outcome (Favorable and Unfavorable)
Favorable: Ability to see one’s self
self as unique. Develop a sense
of personal identity while staying
true to yourself
Unfavorable: Feeling lonely,
isolated and confused
Piaget
birth to 2 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Sensorimotor:
progress from reflex movement to purposeful movement
- Object permanence
- Stranger anxiety
- Behaviors to noises
- Develop our senses
Piaget
2 to 7 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Preoperational:
Children see the world as it relates to them
- Irreversibility
- Pretend play
- Egocentrism
- Language development
Piaget
7 to 11 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Concrete:
solve problems that have physical form, not able to deal with abstracts or theory
• Conservation (something can stay the same in quantity but look different) • Reversibility • Mathematics
Piaget
11 to 15 years
stage and developmental qualities?
Formal:
Able to think about theoretical and reason
• No longer limited by what is seen or heard • Can transcend a concrete situation and think about the future • Moral reasoning
Kohlberg
Preconventional
Preconventional: good vs bad-consequences of actions
Kohlberg
Conventional
Conventional: belonging to a group-obey rules
Kohlberg
Post-conventiona
Post-conventional:
obeys rules accepted by society-right and wrong are viewed based on fair and just treatment
Development of Self-Concept
What is self concept?
How you describe yourself
Development of Self-Concept
body image?
the subjective concepts and attitude that you view your body
- ) physical
- ) psycho
- ) social nature (from others)
Development of Self-Concept
self-esteem
the personal, subjective judgment of one’s worthiness derived from / influenced by social groups and their perceived value from them
Development of Self-Concept
Stages
- ) Infant
- ) School-age
- ) Early adolescence
infant:
School-age:
Early adolescence”
Piaget
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
means?
the age range?
Birth – 2 years old
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
– the newborn is experiencing the world through senses and actions
Piaget
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
means?
the age range?
2 – 6 years old
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
– representing the world symbolically (objects with
words and images) but lacking logical reasoning
Piaget
CONCRETE
OPERATIONAL STAGE
means?
the age range?
7 – 11 years old
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
– development of logical thought about concrete events and grasps concrete analogies
“If nothing is added or taken
away, then the amount of
something stays the same”
Piaget
FORMAL OPERATIONAL
STAGE
means?
the age range?
12 years – Adulthood
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE
– able to think in an abstract manner (ex: beauty,
love, freedom, morality)
