Psych test 1

Question 1

Experimental design

Answer 1

Random allocation
Manipulation of IV
Control over EV

Question 2

Advantages of experimental design

Answer 2

Provides a cause and effect
Maximum control over EV
Replicable

Question 3

Disadvantages of experimental design

Answer 3

Artificial
Some can’t be done for ethics
EV could decrease validity

Question 4

Quantitative Observational

Answer 4

Uses pre-existing groups
No manipulation of IV
Used when an experimental design is not possible

Question 5

Advantages of QO

Answer 5

Can look into topics an experiment can’t

Gives you a correlation

Question 6

Disadvantages of QO

Answer 6

Does not allow for cause and effect

Question 7

Qualitative design

Answer 7

Self-reports
Produces data in verbal/written form
Does not seek to test a hypo
Delphi/focus/content analysis

Question 8

Advantages of Q

Answer 8

Avoids ethical issues
Indepth answers
Good for attitudes and opinions

Question 9

Disadvantages of Q

Answer 9

Does not give a C+E
Forced consensus
Results can’t be generalised
Small samples

Question 10

Standard deviation

Answer 10

A measure of variability of a set of scores, the average distance of the scores from the mean

Question 11

When is the mean helpful

Answer 11

When there is a lot of raw data

Question 12

When is median helpful

Answer 12

When there are outliers

Question 13

High deviation

Answer 13

Spread out on graph

Question 14

Low deviation

Answer 14

high peak on graph

Question 15

Limitations of small sample

Answer 15

Representativeness - to be able to generalise the sample must be representative of the pop.

Statistical power

Question 16

Statistical power

Answer 16

If the sample is small there is a high chance there will be existing differences - a person with anxiety in an anxiety study - that will skewer results.

the bigger the sample the greater the statistical power

Question 17

Ethics

Answer 17

Preserve the psychological and physical wellbeing of the participants

Question 18

8 ethics

Answer 18

Voluntary participation
Informed consent
Withdrawal rights
Confidentiality 
Debriefing
Accurate reporting
Professional conduct
Vulnerable groups

Question 19

Informed consent

Answer 19

When possible participants must be informed of the type of study and the reasons for.

people under 16 must get parental consent

when deception is used, participants must be debriefed

Question 20

Confidentiality

Answer 20

Any details of the study cannot be disclosed unless written consent is given

Question 21

Voluntary participation

Answer 21

The researcher must ensure participants have consented voluntarily

No major incentives and no punishment

Question 22

Right to withdraw

Answer 22

Without question or hesitation. The participants must be made aware of this and the researcher must make this decision if they feel the participant is distressed.

Question 23

Debriefing

Answer 23

The researcher must correct any mistaken beliefs that participants may have about the study

Question 24

Accurate reporting

Answer 24

A researcher must report all data accurately

Question 25

Professional conduct

Answer 25

Researchers are expected to conduct themselves in a professional manner and ensure colleagues follow ethical guidelines

Question 26

Vulnerable groups

Answer 26

Special care must be taken with vulnerable groups

Question 27

4 levels of explanation

Answer 27

Biological
Socio-cultural
Person
Basic processes

Question 28

Biological

Answer 28

How bio processes and chemicals influence our behaviour (altered states of awareness)

Question 29

Socio-cultural

Answer 29

How socio-cultural factors effect our behaviour (Social cog)