Psych & Social science

Question 1

clinical features of oppositioinal defiant disorder

Answer 1

pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictive for >/= 6 mos

• argues with adults, defies authority figures, don’t follow rules
• annoys others
• blames others
• easily annoyed, angered, resentful, or vindictive

Question 2

what time of benzodiazepines are preferred to minimize undesirable daytime side effects (fatigue impaired judgement)

Answer 2

short- or intermediate- acting

Question 3

pharmacological treatment for PTSD

Answer 3

SSRI and SNRI

can give prazosin for nightmares

Question 4

clinical features of delusional disorder

Answer 4

> /= 1 delusions for >/= months

• general functioning is not significantly impaired
• actions are not obviously bizarre or odd

Question 5

majority of overdose deaths in the US are related to what drug group?

Answer 5

opioids

Question 6

define somatic symptom disorder

Answer 6

-variety of bodily complaints lasting months to years
-persistent thoughts and anxiety about symptoms
co-occur with medical illness
-treat with regular office visits with the same physician with psychotherapy

Question 7

panic disorder- clinical features and how to treat

Answer 7

• recurrent and unexpected panic attacks with >/= 4 of these:
• chest pain, palpitation,s SOB, choking
• trembling, sweating, nausea, chills
• dizziness, paresthesias
• derealization, depersonalization
• fear of losing control or dying

treat with benzodizepines (immediate) and SSRI/SNRI and/or cognitive behavioral therapy (long-term)

Question 8

reaction formation

Answer 8

defense mechanism where individual transforms unacceptable feelings or impulses into their extreme opposites

Question 9

transference

Answer 9

unsconscious shifting of emotions or desires associated with a person from the past to another person in the present

Question 10

factitious diorder

Answer 10

intentional falsification or inducement of symptoms with goal to assume sick role

Question 11

malingering

Answer 11

falsification or exaggeration of symptoms to obtain external incentives (secondary gain)

Question 12

side effects of trazodone

Answer 12

priapism (persistent erection of the penis for >4 hours and not associated with sexual excitement

orostatic hypotension, sedation and nausea (traZZZZoBone)

Question 13

define adjustment disorder

Answer 13

emotional symptoms (anxiety, depression that occur within 3 months of an identifiable psychosocial stressor lasting < 6 months once the stressor has ended

Question 14

what is a requirement for referring a patient for hospice care?

Answer 14

patient has a prognosis of ≤ 6 months

Question 15

treatment for OCD?

Answer 15

first-line: SSRI

Question 16

what is length-time bias?

Answer 16

when subjects with a rapidly progressive form of disease are less likely to be detected by screening compared to those with slowly progressive disease

Question 17

difference between panic disorder and social anxiety disorder

Answer 17

social: anxiety restricted to social and performance situations, fear of scrutiny and embarrassment
panic: recurrent, unexpected panic attacks (restrict activities to avoid attacks)

Question 18

side effects of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines

Answer 18

decreased appetite, weight loss, and insomnia

Question 19

withdrawal symptoms of stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines

Answer 19

increased appetite, hypersomnia, intense psychomotor retardation, severe depression (“crash”)

Question 20

withdrawal symptoms of opioids like heroin

Answer 20

neusea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, muscle aches

dilated pupils, yawning, piloerection, lacrimation, hyperactive bowel sounds

treatment: methadone, buprenorphine

Question 21

withdrawal of barbiturates

Answer 21

delirum, life-threatening cardiovascular collapse

Question 22

withdrawal of benzodiazepines

Answer 22

sleep disturbance, depression, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure

Question 23

mechanism of action of phencyclidine (PCP)

Answer 23

hallucinogen that works as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist

work secondarily to inhibit the reuptake or norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

can have effects on sigma-opioid receptors

Question 24

95% Cl

Answer 24

CI of mean=

mean +/- 1.96 x (SD/√n)