Psych & Social science Flashcards
clinical features of oppositioinal defiant disorder
pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictive for >/= 6 mos
- argues with adults, defies authority figures, don’t follow rules
- annoys others
- blames others
- easily annoyed, angered, resentful, or vindictive
what time of benzodiazepines are preferred to minimize undesirable daytime side effects (fatigue impaired judgement)
short- or intermediate- acting
pharmacological treatment for PTSD
SSRI and SNRI
can give prazosin for nightmares
clinical features of delusional disorder
> /= 1 delusions for >/= months
- general functioning is not significantly impaired
- actions are not obviously bizarre or odd
majority of overdose deaths in the US are related to what drug group?
opioids
define somatic symptom disorder
-variety of bodily complaints lasting months to years
-persistent thoughts and anxiety about symptoms
co-occur with medical illness
-treat with regular office visits with the same physician with psychotherapy
panic disorder- clinical features and how to treat
- recurrent and unexpected panic attacks with >/= 4 of these:
- chest pain, palpitation,s SOB, choking
- trembling, sweating, nausea, chills
- dizziness, paresthesias
- derealization, depersonalization
- fear of losing control or dying
treat with benzodizepines (immediate) and SSRI/SNRI and/or cognitive behavioral therapy (long-term)
reaction formation
defense mechanism where individual transforms unacceptable feelings or impulses into their extreme opposites
transference
unsconscious shifting of emotions or desires associated with a person from the past to another person in the present
factitious diorder
intentional falsification or inducement of symptoms with goal to assume sick role
malingering
falsification or exaggeration of symptoms to obtain external incentives (secondary gain)
side effects of trazodone
priapism (persistent erection of the penis for >4 hours and not associated with sexual excitement
orostatic hypotension, sedation and nausea (traZZZZoBone)
define adjustment disorder
emotional symptoms (anxiety, depression that occur within 3 months of an identifiable psychosocial stressor lasting < 6 months once the stressor has ended
what is a requirement for referring a patient for hospice care?
patient has a prognosis of ≤ 6 months
treatment for OCD?
first-line: SSRI
what is length-time bias?
when subjects with a rapidly progressive form of disease are less likely to be detected by screening compared to those with slowly progressive disease
difference between panic disorder and social anxiety disorder
social: anxiety restricted to social and performance situations, fear of scrutiny and embarrassment
panic: recurrent, unexpected panic attacks (restrict activities to avoid attacks)
side effects of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines
decreased appetite, weight loss, and insomnia
withdrawal symptoms of stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines
increased appetite, hypersomnia, intense psychomotor retardation, severe depression (“crash”)
withdrawal symptoms of opioids like heroin
neusea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, muscle aches
dilated pupils, yawning, piloerection, lacrimation, hyperactive bowel sounds
treatment: methadone, buprenorphine
withdrawal of barbiturates
delirum, life-threatening cardiovascular collapse
withdrawal of benzodiazepines
sleep disturbance, depression, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure
mechanism of action of phencyclidine (PCP)
hallucinogen that works as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist
work secondarily to inhibit the reuptake or norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
can have effects on sigma-opioid receptors
95% Cl
CI of mean=
mean +/- 1.96 x (SD/√n)
