Psych Soc document

Question 1

what is the humanistic theory of personality, and how is this mainly different from the freudian? who were the two main people associated with the humanistic theory?

Answer 1

The humanistic theory views humans as innately good is aimed at self actualization. in order to get there, one must be genuine and accepted by others = self-concept.

humanistic differs from freud because it focuses on the conscious instead of the unconscious like freud.

Carl Rogers and Maslow

Question 2

in biological personality, who proposed extroversion/ introversion was due to your reticular formation in your brain stem?

Answer 2

Hans Eysenck thought introverts had a more easily-stimulated brain stem

Question 3

define social potency

Answer 3

social potency is the tendency to take the lead in social situations. * I am extremely socially potent

Question 4

does a person’s temperament change over time?

Answer 4

usually not. temperament is usually innate and consistent

Question 5

describe behaviorist approach to personality and the two main people involved

Answer 5

behavioral approach focuses on behaviors you can observe (not thinking like psychoanalytic) and says that you are a blank slate at birth and then is shaped by your environment completely.

The two main people are BF Skinner (operant conditioning) and Pavlov (classical conditioning)

Question 6

For Gordon Allport’s traits, what were the three levels of importance?

Answer 6

cardinal, central, and secondary (more like preferences)

BUT Allport did not categorize traits using factor analysis categories

Question 7

who was responsible for the 16 F personality test?

Answer 7

Raymond Cattell “had 16 cats”

Question 8

what is the main difference between social cognitive theory and behaviorist theory? what experiment am I thinking of for SCT? What does AMIM stand for in this context?

Answer 8

behaviourist theory says that our environment completely determines our personality while social cognitive theory throws in cognition as a factor as well. Bobo doll experiment! showed that there was a learnin-performance distinction= cognition

Will I learn it? Attention Memory Imitation Motivation

Question 9

what’s another word for psychosis?

Answer 9

psychosis = delusions

Question 10

what neurotransmitter in excess is associated with schizophrenia?

Answer 10

excess dopamine

Question 11

what are the two physical structures observed in alzheimer’s disease/ dementia? what happens with acetylcholine?

Answer 11

beta-amyloid plaques outside the neurons and tau tangles inside the neurons

reduced acetylecholine levels

Question 12

what does it mean to publicly conform?

Answer 12

vs. private, with public, your outward behavior changes, but your beliefs stay the same.

Question 13

what is groupthink?

Answer 13

when a group sets aside reason when dealing with a problem to maintain unity! “let’s not disagree” = groupthink

Question 14

what are the three main experiments when it comes to conformity?

Answer 14

Asch line studies (line in the ash same length?)

Milgram shocks (showed that it is easy to judge others as “evil” but many of us would do the same in the situation)

Zimbardo Prison Experiment

Question 15

what is a demand characteristic?

Answer 15

the subject acting how they think the experimenter wants them to

Question 16

what happened to Kitty Genovese and what did it show?

Answer 16

Unspeakable random acts of violence over half an hour with 38 people witnessed and no one helped her. Bystander effect.

Question 17

what is it called when a classically conditioned response doesn’t happen anymore? how is this different than habituation?

Answer 17

this is called extinction, which is different from habituation because habituation doesnt have a stimulus, it’s just you getting used to something (like a ticking clock). extinction is the uncoupling of the conditioned stimuli and response

*Pavlov

Question 18

Operant Conditioning is associated with which dude?

Answer 18

BF Skinner! (also “language is learned”)

operant conditioning tries to change a behavior using punishments (-) / reinforcements (+)

Question 19

define social cognitive theory

Answer 19

Bandura’s theory that our behaviors are influenced by our social situations/environments and our cognitions. vice versa

Question 20

what does tyranny of control mean?

Answer 20

too many choices = less satisfaction and maybe decision paralysis *Chidi

Question 21

woah woah what does it mean for your ego to be depleted?

Answer 21

you just run out of self control *think freud’s ego trying to reconcile the id and superego

Question 22

what does it mean for someone to have a strong self efficacy and RISE? what is one way you can improve your self efficacy?

Answer 22

(Bandura) someone with a strong self efficacy believes in their ability to succeed in a situation. They Recover from failure, keep their Interest, have Strong commitment, and Enjoy seeking challenges

resilience

can strengthen self efficacy with social modeling (the vandy effect)

Question 23

what is ZPD and whose theory is this?

Answer 23

Zone of Proximal Development is a part of Vygotsky’s theory of sociocultural development (our social interactions affecting our cognition)

the ZPD is where we need instruction from a MKO to bridge the gap

Question 24

how does the universal ethical principle relate to Kohlberg?

Answer 24

Kohlberg’s moral development says that the universal ethical principle is part of the third and final stage: post-conventional morality where people develop their own codes.

Question 25

what does cooley mean by “looking glass self” ?

Answer 25

Cooley believed that we shape our self-image based on what we think others think of us!

kinda like using other people as mirrors/ looking glasses to see ourselves in their eyes

Question 26

what is optimism bias?

Answer 26

when we think we are immune to bad things because they only happen to other people

Question 27

what are the three terms for when we think our own successes are due to internal and failures due to external?

Answer 27

Self serving bias= fundamental attribution error = actor-observer bias

Question 28

what is relative deprivation?

Answer 28

when someone is deprived of something they think they are entitled to

*spoiled = relative deprivation *that one chick who needed so many designer purses she sued her mom for cutting her allowance

Question 29

what is a self-stigma? give me the AIDS example please

Answer 29

a self stigma is when someone internalizes negative stereotypes against them and let it change their behaviors

letting the haters get to you

someone with AIDS might go into denial they have it because they want to avoid the stigma

Question 30

what is the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia?

Answer 30

retrograde is forgetting what happened in the past

anterograde is the inability to make new memories

Question 31

who did the monkey experiments and what did they show about attachment?

Answer 31

Harlow monkey experiments “hello monkey” showed that babies preferred to cuddle with fuzzy feeding tube vs wire feeding tube

Question 32

according to Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation, what are the three attachment styles?

Answer 32

1. secure - the child would be mildly bothered when the mother left and comforted when she returned
2. insecure - the child would be super duper distressed when the mother left and would NOT be comforted when she returns
3. avoidant - doesn’t really care either way

Question 33

what is cost signaling?

Answer 33

in altruism, when someone has done good in the past this signals to others they have the resources to do so again. cost signalling

Question 34

the dramaturgical approach lays out what two areas? how is this tied to impression management?

Answer 34

the dramaturgical approach says there is a front stage and a back stage self. the front stage is what you present to others and where you practice impression management (how to control how others see you)

Question 35

what is the peter principle in bureaucracies?

Answer 35

when employees keep getting promoted until they become incompetent to their position