Psych Soc document Flashcards
what is the humanistic theory of personality, and how is this mainly different from the freudian? who were the two main people associated with the humanistic theory?
The humanistic theory views humans as innately good is aimed at self actualization. in order to get there, one must be genuine and accepted by others = self-concept.
humanistic differs from freud because it focuses on the conscious instead of the unconscious like freud.
Carl Rogers and Maslow
in biological personality, who proposed extroversion/ introversion was due to your reticular formation in your brain stem?
Hans Eysenck thought introverts had a more easily-stimulated brain stem
define social potency
social potency is the tendency to take the lead in social situations. * I am extremely socially potent
does a person’s temperament change over time?
usually not. temperament is usually innate and consistent
describe behaviorist approach to personality and the two main people involved
behavioral approach focuses on behaviors you can observe (not thinking like psychoanalytic) and says that you are a blank slate at birth and then is shaped by your environment completely.
The two main people are BF Skinner (operant conditioning) and Pavlov (classical conditioning)
For Gordon Allport’s traits, what were the three levels of importance?
cardinal, central, and secondary (more like preferences)
BUT Allport did not categorize traits using factor analysis categories
who was responsible for the 16 F personality test?
Raymond Cattell “had 16 cats”
what is the main difference between social cognitive theory and behaviorist theory? what experiment am I thinking of for SCT? What does AMIM stand for in this context?
behaviourist theory says that our environment completely determines our personality while social cognitive theory throws in cognition as a factor as well. Bobo doll experiment! showed that there was a learnin-performance distinction= cognition
Will I learn it? Attention Memory Imitation Motivation
what’s another word for psychosis?
psychosis = delusions
what neurotransmitter in excess is associated with schizophrenia?
excess dopamine
what are the two physical structures observed in alzheimer’s disease/ dementia? what happens with acetylcholine?
beta-amyloid plaques outside the neurons and tau tangles inside the neurons
reduced acetylecholine levels
what does it mean to publicly conform?
vs. private, with public, your outward behavior changes, but your beliefs stay the same.
what is groupthink?
when a group sets aside reason when dealing with a problem to maintain unity! “let’s not disagree” = groupthink
what are the three main experiments when it comes to conformity?
Asch line studies (line in the ash same length?)
Milgram shocks (showed that it is easy to judge others as “evil” but many of us would do the same in the situation)
Zimbardo Prison Experiment
what is a demand characteristic?
the subject acting how they think the experimenter wants them to
what happened to Kitty Genovese and what did it show?
Unspeakable random acts of violence over half an hour with 38 people witnessed and no one helped her. Bystander effect.
what is it called when a classically conditioned response doesn’t happen anymore? how is this different than habituation?
this is called extinction, which is different from habituation because habituation doesnt have a stimulus, it’s just you getting used to something (like a ticking clock). extinction is the uncoupling of the conditioned stimuli and response
*Pavlov
Operant Conditioning is associated with which dude?
BF Skinner! (also “language is learned”)
operant conditioning tries to change a behavior using punishments (-) / reinforcements (+)
define social cognitive theory
Bandura’s theory that our behaviors are influenced by our social situations/environments and our cognitions. vice versa
what does tyranny of control mean?
too many choices = less satisfaction and maybe decision paralysis *Chidi
woah woah what does it mean for your ego to be depleted?
you just run out of self control *think freud’s ego trying to reconcile the id and superego
what does it mean for someone to have a strong self efficacy and RISE? what is one way you can improve your self efficacy?
(Bandura) someone with a strong self efficacy believes in their ability to succeed in a situation. They Recover from failure, keep their Interest, have Strong commitment, and Enjoy seeking challenges
resilience
can strengthen self efficacy with social modeling (the vandy effect)
what is ZPD and whose theory is this?
Zone of Proximal Development is a part of Vygotsky’s theory of sociocultural development (our social interactions affecting our cognition)
the ZPD is where we need instruction from a MKO to bridge the gap
how does the universal ethical principle relate to Kohlberg?
Kohlberg’s moral development says that the universal ethical principle is part of the third and final stage: post-conventional morality where people develop their own codes.
what does cooley mean by “looking glass self” ?
Cooley believed that we shape our self-image based on what we think others think of us!
kinda like using other people as mirrors/ looking glasses to see ourselves in their eyes
what is optimism bias?
when we think we are immune to bad things because they only happen to other people
what are the three terms for when we think our own successes are due to internal and failures due to external?
Self serving bias= fundamental attribution error = actor-observer bias
what is relative deprivation?
when someone is deprived of something they think they are entitled to
*spoiled = relative deprivation *that one chick who needed so many designer purses she sued her mom for cutting her allowance
what is a self-stigma? give me the AIDS example please
a self stigma is when someone internalizes negative stereotypes against them and let it change their behaviors
letting the haters get to you
someone with AIDS might go into denial they have it because they want to avoid the stigma
what is the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia?
retrograde is forgetting what happened in the past
anterograde is the inability to make new memories
who did the monkey experiments and what did they show about attachment?
Harlow monkey experiments “hello monkey” showed that babies preferred to cuddle with fuzzy feeding tube vs wire feeding tube
according to Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation, what are the three attachment styles?
- secure - the child would be mildly bothered when the mother left and comforted when she returned
- insecure - the child would be super duper distressed when the mother left and would NOT be comforted when she returns
- avoidant - doesn’t really care either way
what is cost signaling?
in altruism, when someone has done good in the past this signals to others they have the resources to do so again. cost signalling
the dramaturgical approach lays out what two areas? how is this tied to impression management?
the dramaturgical approach says there is a front stage and a back stage self. the front stage is what you present to others and where you practice impression management (how to control how others see you)
what is the peter principle in bureaucracies?
when employees keep getting promoted until they become incompetent to their position
