AAMC 2

Question 1

which Phosphate group from ATP does a kinase take?

Answer 1

the gamma (y) phosphate

Question 2

does phosphorylation of an amino acid side chain change the charge at all?

Answer 2

yes! phosphorylation makes it negative and hydrophillic

more similar to D and E

Question 3

break down what I mean when I say “Y229A” variant was made

Answer 3

at the 229th residue, the tyrosine was switched out to an alanine

Question 4

please explain the venturi effect

Answer 4

the venturi effect is when fluid/air travels through a smaller pipe area, lower pressure because higher velocity. Helps air flow into a breathing tube from the atmosphere

Question 5

what is it called when two aromatic rings (maybe in G-C in DNA) are stacked on top of each other?

Answer 5

pi stacking is this attraction.

Question 6

purines are which ones and have how many rings?

Answer 6

purines Adenine Guanine and have two aromatic rings.

Question 7

when calculating the enthalpy change, (delta H) its as simple as…

Answer 7

looking at the difference in values for H f on the different sides of the equation based on their coefficients (with negative being heat released)

Question 8

what is the formula for elastic work?

Answer 8

(J) = (0.5)kd^2

Question 9

please explain what it means to go up 10 dB in scale?

Answer 9

10 dB= 1 B = 10 times more

*change of 30 dB = 10^3 times more since this is a logarithmic scale

Question 10

concave lenses can only create this type of image

Answer 10

virtual, upright, smaller (also negative bc same side)

Question 11

protein secondary structure is mostly held together by…

what about tertiary structures? quat?

Answer 11

the H bonds between the N on the backbone and the C=O on the backbone. basically, it is the backbone holding itself together from the N to the C terminal

tertiary structure is based off the R groups (hydrophobic and disulfide bonds)

quaternary structure is mainly held together by H bonds and VDW

Question 12

what type of VDW force are H bonds?

Answer 12

dipole-dipole permanent

Question 13

which 3 types of cells are “highly proliferative” (has lots of turnover?)

Answer 13

endothelial cells (inside of vessels), epithelial cells (outside, like skin), and smooth muscle cells (lining of hollow organs)

Question 14

how does ATP inhibit PFK-1?

Answer 14

this is feedback inhibition in an allosteric location

Question 15

how do you destroy disulfide bonds between cysteines?

Answer 15

reduction (add an H with acid maybe)

Question 16

what does a dehydrogenase confusingly do?

Answer 16

add a phosphorus group! glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in glycolysis

Question 17

what is a prion bruh?

Answer 17

a prion is a weirdly folded protein that causes other normally folded proteins to also become weirdly folded and harmed.

Question 18

where do nutrients absorbed in the small intestine go ?

Answer 18

they go to the liver to be processed

Question 19

which enzymes digest protein??

Answer 19

proteases bro. you know this shit

Question 20

please explain what happens in anaerobic respiration to me (including glycolysis and what happens after)

Answer 20

without oxygen, two atp, two nadh, and two pyruvate will be produced by glycolysis.

these go to fermentation where NADH gives its protons to pyruvate = NAD+ and lactic acid!!

without oxygen, only two ATP are produced. with oxygen, 38 ATP are produced.

Question 21

how many ATP does NADH and FADH2 make, respectively? how many protons did this require from them?

Answer 21

NADH: 3 ATP (Complex I pumps 4 H+ per 2e-)
FADH2: 2 ATP (Complex II->III pumps 4 H+ per 2 e-)
(Complex IV pumps 2 H+ when making
h20)

Question 22

where do microtubules originate from?

Answer 22

the centrosome “s for spawn”

Question 23

in what structure do sperm become motile/ swimmer bois?

Answer 23

the epididymis

Question 24

what is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 24

when someone’s behavior changes when watched.

Question 25

what is it called when you only give the socially-acceptable answer?

Answer 25

social desirability

Question 26

conflict theory was proposed by who? what mainly does this mean it deals with?

Answer 26

Marx proposed conflict theory to deal with classes and resources

Question 27

which neurotransmitter does the MCAT want you to associate with hallucinations?

Answer 27

serotonin, NOT dopamine

Question 28

what type of people can delay gratification?

Answer 28

emotionally intelligent people

Question 29

what is structural functionism?

Answer 29

every single social activity has an intended, unintended, or latent function.