AAMC 2 Flashcards
which Phosphate group from ATP does a kinase take?
the gamma (y) phosphate
does phosphorylation of an amino acid side chain change the charge at all?
yes! phosphorylation makes it negative and hydrophillic
more similar to D and E
break down what I mean when I say “Y229A” variant was made
at the 229th residue, the tyrosine was switched out to an alanine
please explain the venturi effect
the venturi effect is when fluid/air travels through a smaller pipe area, lower pressure because higher velocity. Helps air flow into a breathing tube from the atmosphere
what is it called when two aromatic rings (maybe in G-C in DNA) are stacked on top of each other?
pi stacking is this attraction.
purines are which ones and have how many rings?
purines Adenine Guanine and have two aromatic rings.
when calculating the enthalpy change, (delta H) its as simple as…
looking at the difference in values for H f on the different sides of the equation based on their coefficients (with negative being heat released)
what is the formula for elastic work?
(J) = (0.5)kd^2
please explain what it means to go up 10 dB in scale?
10 dB= 1 B = 10 times more
*change of 30 dB = 10^3 times more since this is a logarithmic scale
concave lenses can only create this type of image
virtual, upright, smaller (also negative bc same side)
protein secondary structure is mostly held together by…
what about tertiary structures? quat?
the H bonds between the N on the backbone and the C=O on the backbone. basically, it is the backbone holding itself together from the N to the C terminal
tertiary structure is based off the R groups (hydrophobic and disulfide bonds)
quaternary structure is mainly held together by H bonds and VDW
what type of VDW force are H bonds?
dipole-dipole permanent
which 3 types of cells are “highly proliferative” (has lots of turnover?)
endothelial cells (inside of vessels), epithelial cells (outside, like skin), and smooth muscle cells (lining of hollow organs)
how does ATP inhibit PFK-1?
this is feedback inhibition in an allosteric location
how do you destroy disulfide bonds between cysteines?
reduction (add an H with acid maybe)
what does a dehydrogenase confusingly do?
add a phosphorus group! glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in glycolysis
what is a prion bruh?
a prion is a weirdly folded protein that causes other normally folded proteins to also become weirdly folded and harmed.
where do nutrients absorbed in the small intestine go ?
they go to the liver to be processed
which enzymes digest protein??
proteases bro. you know this shit
please explain what happens in anaerobic respiration to me (including glycolysis and what happens after)
without oxygen, two atp, two nadh, and two pyruvate will be produced by glycolysis.
these go to fermentation where NADH gives its protons to pyruvate = NAD+ and lactic acid!!
without oxygen, only two ATP are produced. with oxygen, 38 ATP are produced.
how many ATP does NADH and FADH2 make, respectively? how many protons did this require from them?
NADH: 3 ATP (Complex I pumps 4 H+ per 2e-)
FADH2: 2 ATP (Complex II->III pumps 4 H+ per 2 e-)
(Complex IV pumps 2 H+ when making
h20)
where do microtubules originate from?
the centrosome “s for spawn”
in what structure do sperm become motile/ swimmer bois?
the epididymis
what is the Hawthorne effect?
when someone’s behavior changes when watched.
