psych research Flashcards
null hypothesis
a suggestion that there is no connection at all between 2+ variables
one tailed
specifies the direction that a hypothesis will have
two tailed
doesn’t specify the direction the hypothesis will take
independent variable
the variable that isn’t affected by any other variables the study measures
dependent variable
the factor that changes as a result of the IV
control group
a group that is tested under constant IVs in order to have a base result to compare the experimental group’s results to
experimental group
the group undergoing the treatment of the experiment
demand characteristics
occur when participants figure out the aim of a study and consciously/subconsciously change their behaviour to fit the aim of it
research methods
introspection (self observation)
observation
biographical & autobiographical method
questionnaire/survey/attitude scale
experimental method
tests
sociometric method
hawthorne effect
when test subjects improve their behaviour because they realise theyre being studied (watched)
pygmalion effect
high expectations lead to better outcomes, low expectations lead to worse outcomes
halo effect
the misguided belief that a person who is skilled in one field/likable is able to do great in everything
