memory

Question 1

encoding

Answer 1

the way that info is processed in our brain in order to get stored

Question 2

visual encoding

Answer 2

storing memory as a picture that we can view later

Question 3

acoustic encoding

Answer 3

storing sounds in our memory

Question 4

semantic encoding

Answer 4

storing the meaning of an event

Question 5

ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN MULTISTORE MODEL

Answer 5

sensory memory is initial visual/audio stimuli being quickly recorded for a few seconds in order to prevent processing overload

short term memory lasts for longer than sensory but gets forgotten if not rehearsed

long term memory is the result of rehearsal and lasts much longer

Question 6

BRADDELY AND HITCH’S WORKING MEMORY MODEL

Answer 6

the idea that STM has many subsystems, but most notably:
Central Exec. - acts as attention sensory store, it channels info to 3 component processes:
visuo-spatial sketchpad: deals with visual and spatial info eg calculating distances

phonological/articulatory loop: memorisation of words by recital in continuous loop (called articulatory process)

multimodal episodic buffer: puts all sensory info into chronological order/stories

Question 7

CRAIK AND LOCKHART’S LVLS OF PROCESSING MODEL

Answer 7

suggests that the depth at which we process info affects its place in LTM

Elaborate Semantic Processing: processing can be shallow or deep - if we look at sensory info visually, it is shallow, if we look at it audibly, its deeper, if we really think about the semantic meaning of the information, we engage more with the info, and hence it is deepest.

Question 8

DECLARATIVE MEMORY

Answer 8

requires conscious recall, concerns info that is explicitly stored and retrieved (eg knowledge for an exam)

can be subdivided into semantic, episodic, and autobiographical memory

Question 9

PROCEDURAL MEMORY

Answer 9

focuses on implicit learning of motor skills eg riding a bike and swimming

Question 10

proactive interference

Answer 10

occurs when what we already know contradicts what we are learning - old memories disrupt new ones

Question 11

retroactive interference

Answer 11

occurs when later learning interferes with what we already know - new memories disrupt old ones

Question 12

EBBINGHAUS FORGETTING CURVE

Answer 12

shows the relationship between forgetting and time using an experiment with NONSENSE SYLLABLES

Question 13

things that affect memory

Answer 13

smells
emotion
stress

Question 14

false memory syndrome

Answer 14

when a false memory causes big harm to an individual’s quality of life

Question 15

false memory

Answer 15

when we remember things that didnt actually happen

Question 16

ELIZABETH LOFTUS STUDY

Answer 16

people shown car crashes and asked how fast cars were going when they collided, with different verbs used for “collided” every time. the more severe the verb, the faster people claimed the cars were going