language and thought

Question 1

receptive language

Answer 1

children can understand language before they can speak

Question 2

expressive language

Answer 2

spoken language

Question 3

CHOMSKY’S L.A.D

Answer 3

states that children are born with a sense for grammar and understanding of language
… because it was observed that children learn language effortlessly, and at roughly the same ages

Question 4

SAPIR WHORF HYPOTHESIS

Answer 4

linguistic determinism- language determines completely how people think

linguistic relativism- language only partially determines how people think

Question 5

paralanguage

Answer 5

use of voice when speaking

Question 6

haptics

Answer 6

use of touch when speaking

Question 7

proxemics

Answer 7

use of distance when speaking

Question 8

encoding

Answer 8

developing non verbal language skills by collecting info from watching others

Question 9

decoding

Answer 9

interpretation of non verbal cues from past experiences

Question 10

ARGYLE’S NVC FUNCTIONS

Answer 10

NVC is used to express:
emotions
interpersonal attitudes
to accompany speech cues
presentation of ones personality
rituals (greetings)

Question 11

inductive reasoning

Answer 11

makes broad generalisations from specific cases and observations

Question 12

deductive reasoning

Answer 12

uses past knowledge to form a hypothesis

Question 13

functional fixedness

Answer 13

a barrier for effective problem solving that takes place when individulas dont know all the options to solve a problem

Question 14

mental set

Answer 14

a barrier for effective problem solving that occurs when someone uses a strategy that worked before without considering better ones

Question 15

MEL RHODES’ 4 Ps OF CREATIVITY

Answer 15

PERSON - eg personality
PROCESS - eg motivation & thinking
PRESS - relationship of person with their environment
PRODUCT - when an idea becomes an end result

Question 16

J.P. GUILFORD’S CREATIVITY MEASURING

Answer 16

creativity can be
divergent: ability to access memory to derive unique answers to open ended questions

convergent thinking: coming up with the singular right answer (eg IQ tests)

Question 17

GUILFORD’S TEST OF DIVERGENT CREATIVITY

Answer 17

people got given simple objects and asked for alternative uses for them. the results were measured based on
originality
fluency (how many different answers were produced)
flexibility (based on how many categories were listed eg weapons, containers, things to wear)
elaboration (the amount of detail given in a response)

Question 18

GRAHAM WALLAS’ STAGES OF THE CREATIVE PROCESS

Answer 18

preparation: investigating ways to solve a problem
incubation: not thinking about the problem (resting)
illumination: a eureka moment
verification: making sure the idea generated works