Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FA - Psychiatry > Psych - Pathology (Psychoactive drug intoxication & withdrawal) > Flashcards

Psych - Pathology (Psychoactive drug intoxication & withdrawal) Flashcards

Pg. 514-515 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Psychoactive drug intoxication and withdrawal

1
Q

What are 4 drugs that act as depressants?

A

(1) Alcohol (2) Opioids (e.g., morphine, heroin, methadone) (3) Barbiturates (4) Benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 4 drugs that act as stimulants?

A

(1) Amphetamines (2) Cocaine (3) Caffeine (4) Nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 3 drugs that act as hallucinogens?

A

(1) PCP (2) LSD (3) Marijuana (cannabinoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 5 nonspecific signs/symptoms of intoxication with depressants in general?

A

Nonspecific: (1) Mood elevation (2) Decreased anxiety (3) Sedation (4) Behavioral disinhibition (5) Respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 4 nonspecific signs/symptoms of withdrawal from depressants in general?

A

Nonspecific: (1) Anxiety (2) Tremors (3) Seizures (4) Insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 5 specific signs/symptoms of alcohol intoxication?

A

(1) Emotional lability (2) Slurred speech (3) Ataxia (4) Coma (5) Blackouts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are significant lab measures/findings associated with alcohol intoxication?

A

(1) Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) - sensitive indicator of alcohol use. (2) Lab AST value is twice ALT value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In general, what kind of symptoms accompany mild alcohol withdrawal?

A

Mild alcohol withdrawal: Symptoms similar to other depressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can result from severe alcohol withdrawal? What mortality rate is associated with this?

A

Severe alcohol withdrawal can cause autonomic hypersensitivity and DTs (5-15% mortality rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for DTs?

A

Treatment for DTs: Benzodiazepines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 3 examples of Opioids?

A

(1) Morphine (2) Heroin (3) Methadone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 5-6 specific signs/symptoms of opioid intoxication? Which in particular is seen in opioid overdose?

A

(1) Euphoria (2-3) Respiratory and CNS depression (4) Decreased gag reflex (5) Pupillary constriction (pinpoint pupils) (6) Seizures (overdose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the treatment for opioid overdose?

A

Treatment: Naloxone, Naltrexone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 9 specific signs/symptoms of opioid withdrawal?

A

(1) Sweating (2) Dilated pupils (3) Piloerection (“cold turkey”) (4) Fever (5) Rhinorrhea (6) Yawning (7) Nausea (8) Stomach cramps (9) Diarrhea (“flu-like” symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for opioid withdrawal?

A

Treatment: Long-term support, Methadone, Buprenorphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What major sign/symptom is associated with barbiturate intoxication?

A

Marked respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of safety margin do Barbiturates have?

A

Low safety margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for Barbiturate intoxication/overdose?

A

Treatment: Symptom management (assist respiration, increase BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 2 symptoms/consequences are associated with Barbiturate withdrawal?

A

Delirium, life-threatening cardiovascular collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do Benzodiazepines compare to Barbiturates in terms of their safety margin?

A

Greater safety margin (than Barbiturates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are 2 signs/symptoms associated with Benzodiazepine intoxication?

A

(1) Ataxia (2) Minor respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main treatment for Benzodiazepine intoxication/overdose? What else should be considered as a treatment option?

A

Treatment: Supportive care; Consider Flumazenil (competitive benzodiazepine antagonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 4 signs/symptoms of Benzodiazepine withdrawal? What is an important consideration in the case of Benzodiazepine reversal?

A

(1) Sleep disturbance (2) Depression (3) Rebound anxiety (4) Seizure (can be triggered by reversal with flumazenil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are 6 nonspecific signs/symptoms of intoxication with Stimulants?

A

Nonspecific: (1) Mood elevation (2) Psychomotor agitation (3) Insomnia (4) Cardiac arrhythmias (5) Tachycardia (6) Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the major consequence of Stimulant withdrawal? What 4 symptoms characterize this consequence?

A

Nonspecific: post-use “crash,” including depression, lethargy, weight gain, headache.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 9 specific signs/symptoms of (mild-moderate) amphetamine intoxication?

A

(1) Euphoria (2) Grandiosity (3) Pupillary dilation (4) Prolonged wakefulness and attention (5) Hypertension (6) Tachycardia (7) Anorexia (8) Paranoia (9) Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are 2 specific signs/symptoms of severe amphetamine intoxication?

A

Severe: (1) Cardiac arrest (2) Seizure

28
Q

What are 4 specific signs/symptoms of Amphetamine withdrawal?

A

(1) Anedonia (2) Increased appetite (3) Hypersomnolence (4) Existential crisis

29
Q

What are 6 specific signs/symptoms of Cocaine intoxication?

A

(1) Impaired judgement (2) Pupillary dilation (3) Hallucinations (including tactile) (4) Paranoid ideations (5) Angina (6) Sudden cardiac death

30
Q

What is the treatment for Cocaine intoxication?

A

Treatment: Benozdiazepines

31
Q

What are 4 specific signs/symptoms of Cocaine withdrawal?

A

(1) Hypersomnolence (2) Malaise (3) Severe psychological craving (4) Depression/Suicidality

32
Q

What are 3 specific signs/symptoms of Caffeine intoxication?

A

(1) Restlessness (2) Increased diuresis (3) Muscle twitching

33
Q

What are 2 specific signs/symptoms of Caffeine withdrawal?

A

(1) Lack of concentration (2) Headache

34
Q

What is the major specific sign/symptom of Nicotine intoxication?

A

Restlessness

35
Q

What are 3 specific signs/symptoms of Nicotine withdrawal?

A

(1) Irritability (2) Anxiety (3) Craving

36
Q

What are the treatment options for Nicotine withdrawal?

A

Treatment: Nicotine patch, gum, or lozenges; bupropion/varenicline

37
Q

What are 11 specific signs/symptoms of PCP intoxication?

A

(1) Belligerence (2) Impulsiveness (3) Fever (4) Psychomotor agitation (5) Analgesia (6) Vertical and Horizontal Nystagmus (7) Tachycardia (8) Homicidality (9) Psychosis (10) Delirium (11) Seizures

38
Q

What is the treatment for PCP intoxication?

A

Treatment: Benzodiazepines, Rapid-acting antipsychotic

39
Q

What are 6 specific signs/symptoms of PCP withdrawal?

A

(1) Depression (2) Anxiety (3) Irritability (4) Restlessness (5) Anergia (6) Disturbances of thought and sleep

40
Q

What are 6 specific signs/symptoms of LSD intoxication?

A

(1) Perceptual distortion (visual, auditory) (2) Depersonalization (3) Anxiety (4) Paranoia (5) Psychosis (6) Possible flashbacks

41
Q

What are 10 specific signs/symptoms of Marijuana (cannabinoid) intoxication?

A

(1) Euphoria (2) Anxiety (3) Paranoid delusions (4) Perception of slowed time (5) Impaired judgement (6) Social withdrawal (7) Increased appetite (8) Dry mouth (9) Conjunctival injection (10) Hallucinations

42
Q

What is the prescription form of Marijuana (cannabinoid)? What are 2 clinical uses for it?

A

Prescription form is dronabinol (tetrahydrocannabinol isomer): used as antiemetic (chemotherapy) and appetite stimulant (in AIDS)

43
Q

What are 5 specific signs/symptoms of Marijuana (cannabinoid) withdrawal?

A

(1) Irritability (2) Depression (3) Insomnia (4) Nausea (5) Anorexia

44
Q

When do most marijuana withdrawal symptoms peak, and how long do they last?

A

Most symptoms peak in 48 hours and last for 5-7 days

45
Q

How long is marijuana generally detectable in urine?

A

Generally detectable in urine for 4-10 days.

46
Q

For what 6 conditions are heroin users at increased risk?

A

Users at increased risk for (1) hepatitis, (2) abscesses, (3) overdose, (4) hemorrhoids, (5) AIDS, and (6) right-sided endocarditis.

47
Q

What physical sign should you look for if suspicious of heroine use?

A

Look for track marks (needle stick in veins)

48
Q

What are 3 treatments for Heroin addiction?

A

(1) Methadone (2) Naloxone & Buprenorphrine (3) Naltrexone

49
Q

What kind of drug is Methadone, and how is it used in terms of treatment for Heroine addiction?

A

Long-acting oral opiate; Used for heroin detoxification or long-term maintenance

50
Q

What kind of drug is Naloxone + buprenorphine, and how does it compare to Methadone?

A

Partial agonist; Long acting with fewer withdrawal symptoms than methadone.

51
Q

What is naloxone’s abuse potential, and why?

A

Naloxone is not active when taken orally, so withdrawal symptoms occur only if injected (lower abuse potential).

52
Q

What kind of drug is naltrexone, and how is it used in terms of treatment for Heroin addiction?

A

Long-acting opioid antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified

53
Q

What is alcoholism? What happens when alcohol intake is interrupted?

A

Physiologic tolerance and dependence with symptoms of withdrawal (tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, malaise, nausea, DTs) when intake is interrupted

54
Q

What are 5 complications associated with Alcoholism?

A

Complications: (1) Alcoholic cirrhosis (2) Hepatitis (3) Pancreatitis (4) Peripheral neuropathy (5) Testicular atrophy

55
Q

What are the treatment options for alcoholism?

A

Treatment: Disulfiram (to condition the patient to abstain from alcohol use), naltrexone, supportive care. Alcoholics Anonymous and other peer support groups are helpful in sustaining abstinence.

56
Q

What causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Caused by thiamine deficiency

57
Q

What is the triad that characterizes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? What is the collective triad called?

A

Triad of confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia (Wernicke encephalopathy).

58
Q

To what symptoms may Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome progress? What are these symptoms collectively called?

A

May progress to irreversible memory loss, confabulation, personality change (Korsakoff psychosis).

59
Q

With what condition(s) is (are) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome association?

A

Associated with periventricular hemorrhage/necrosis of mammillary bodies.

60
Q

What is the treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Treatment: IV vitamin B1 (thiamine)

61
Q

What causes Mallory-Weiss syndrome, and how does it often present?

A

Longitudinal partial thickness tear at the gastroesophageal junction caused by excessive vomiting; Often presents with hematemesis

62
Q

With what symptom/condition is Mallory-Weiss syndrome associated?

A

Associated with pain (vs. esophageal varices).

63
Q

What is Delirium tremens (DTs)? When does it occur?

A

Life-threatening alcohol withdrawal syndrome that peaks 2-5 days after last drink

64
Q

What are the 3 major symptoms of DTs in order of appearance?

A

Symptoms in order of appearance: (1) Autonomic system hyperactivity (tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, seizures) (2) Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions) (3) Confusion

65
Q

What is the treatment for DTs?

A

Treatment: Benzodiazepines

FA - Psychiatry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions