Psych - Pathology (Anxiety/Panic/Stress disorders, Phobia, & OCD)

Question 1

What defines Anxiety disorder?

Answer 1

Inappropriate experience of fear/worry and its physical manifestations (anxiety) when the source of the fear/worry is either not real or insufficient to account for the severity of the symptoms; Symptoms interfere with daily functioning

Question 2

What is the lifetime prevalence of Anxiety disorder in women versus men?

Answer 2

Lifetime prevalence of 30% in women and 19% in men.

Question 3

What are 3 types of Anxiety disorder?

Answer 3

Includes (1) panic disorder, (2) phobias, and (3) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 4

What defines Panic disorder?

Answer 4

Defined by the presence of recurrent panic attacks (periods of intense fear and discomfort peaking in 10 minutes with at least of the following): (1) Palpitations (2) Paresthesias (3) Abdominal distress (4) Nausea (5) Intense fear of dying or losing control (6) lIght-headedness (7) Chest pain (8) Chills (9) Choking (10) disConnectedness (11) Sweating (12) Shaking (13) Shortness of breath; Think: “PANICS (really PPANIICCCCSSS)”

Question 5

Describe the relevance of genetics to Panic disorder.

Answer 5

Strong genetic component

Question 6

What are 4 treatment options for Panic disorder?

Answer 6

Treatment: (1) Cognitive behavioral therapy (2) SSRIs (3) Venlafaxine (3) Benzodiazepines (risk of tolerance, physical dependence)

Question 7

What are 2 risks of using Benzodiazepines to treat Panic disorder?

Answer 7

Benzodiazepines (risk of tolerance, physical dependence)

Question 8

What is required for the diagnosis of Panic disorder?

Answer 8

Diagnosis requires attack followed by 1 month (or more) of 1 (or more) of the following: persistent concern of additional attacks, worrying about consequences of the attack, or behavioral change related to attacks.

Question 9

In general, what are the symptoms of Panic disorder?

Answer 9

Symptoms are the systemic manifestations of fear.

Question 10

What is specific phobia? What cues it?

Answer 10

Fear that is excessive or unreasonable and interferes with normal function. Cued by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation.

Question 11

How does patient with Specific phobia perceive their fear?

Answer 11

Person recognizes fear is excessive

Question 12

How can Specific phobia be treated?

Answer 12

Can treat with systematic desensitization

Question 13

What are 2 types/examples of specific phobia?

Answer 13

(1) Social anxiety disorder (2) Agoraphobia

Question 14

What is Social anxiety disorder?

Answer 14

Exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations (e.g., public speaking, using public restrooms)

Question 15

What is the medical treatment for Social anxiety disorder?

Answer 15

Treatment: SSRIs

Question 16

What is Agoraphobia?

Answer 16

Exaggerated fear of open or enclosed places, using public transportation, being in line or in crowds, or leaving home alone

Question 17

What defines Generalized anxiety disorder? Include its time course.

Answer 17

Pattern of uncontrollable anxiety for at least 6 months that is unrelated to a specific person, situation, or event.

Question 18

What are 4 conditions associations with Generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 18

Associated with (1) sleep disturbance, (2) fatigue, (3) GI disturbance, and (4) difficulty concentrating.

Question 19

What are 4 treatments for Generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 19

Treatment: (1) SSRIs, (2) SNRIs, (3) buspirone, (4) cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 20

What is an example of Generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 20

Adjustment disorder

Question 21

What defines Adjustment disorder, and what is its time course?

Answer 21

Adjustment disorder - emotional symptoms (anxiety, depression) causing impairment following an identifiable psychosocial stressor (e.g., divorce, illness) and lasting < 6 months (> 6 months in presence of chronic stressor)

Question 22

What defines Obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Answer 22

Recurring intrusive thoughts, feelings, or sensations (obsessions) that cause severe distress; relieved in part by the performance of repetitive actions (compulsions).

Question 23

What distinguishes OCD from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Answer 23

Ego dystonic: behavior inconsistent with one’s own beliefs and attitudes (vs. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - which is Ego syntonic)

Question 24

With what other condition is OCD associated?

Answer 24

Associated with Tourette disorder.

Question 25

What are 2 treatment options for OCD?

Answer 25

Treatment: (1) SSRIs (2) Clomipramine

Question 26

What is an example/type of OCD?

Answer 26

Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 27

What defines Body dysmorphic disorder?

Answer 27

Body dysmorphic disorder - Preoccupation with minor or imagined defect in appearance, leading to significant emotional distress or impaired functioning

Question 28

What type of intervention do Body dysmorphic disorder patients often repeatedly seek?

Answer 28

Patients often repeatedly seek cosmetic surgery

Question 29

What defines Post-traumatic stress disorder?

Answer 29

Persistent reexperiencing of a previous traumatic event (e.g., war, rape, robbery, serious accident, fire).

Question 30

What are symptoms that may be involved in Post-traumatic stress disorder?

Answer 30

May involve nightmares or flashbacks, intense fear, helplessness, or horror.

Question 31

To what behavior does Post-traumatic stress disorder lead?

Answer 31

Leads to avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and persistently increase arousal.

Question 32

What is the time course of Post-traumatic stress disorder? What are 3 consequences that it causes?

Answer 32

Disturbance lasts > 1 month, with onset of symptoms beginning anytime after event, and causes significant distress, negative cognitive alterations, and/or impaired functioning.

Question 33

What are 2 treatments for Post-traumatic stress disorder?

Answer 33

Treatment: (1) Psychotherapy (2) SSRIs

Question 34

What is an example/type of Post-traumatic stress disorder?

Answer 34

Acute stress disorder

Question 35

What is the time course of Acute stress disorder?

Answer 35

Lasts between 3 days and 1 month