Psych - Pathology (Anxiety/Panic/Stress disorders, Phobia, & OCD) Flashcards
Pg. 508-509 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Anxiety disorder -Panic disorder -Specific phobia -Generalized anxiety disorder -Obsessive-compulsive disorder -Post-traumatic stress disorder
What defines Anxiety disorder?
Inappropriate experience of fear/worry and its physical manifestations (anxiety) when the source of the fear/worry is either not real or insufficient to account for the severity of the symptoms; Symptoms interfere with daily functioning
What is the lifetime prevalence of Anxiety disorder in women versus men?
Lifetime prevalence of 30% in women and 19% in men.
What are 3 types of Anxiety disorder?
Includes (1) panic disorder, (2) phobias, and (3) generalized anxiety disorder.
What defines Panic disorder?
Defined by the presence of recurrent panic attacks (periods of intense fear and discomfort peaking in 10 minutes with at least of the following): (1) Palpitations (2) Paresthesias (3) Abdominal distress (4) Nausea (5) Intense fear of dying or losing control (6) lIght-headedness (7) Chest pain (8) Chills (9) Choking (10) disConnectedness (11) Sweating (12) Shaking (13) Shortness of breath; Think: “PANICS (really PPANIICCCCSSS)”
Describe the relevance of genetics to Panic disorder.
Strong genetic component
What are 4 treatment options for Panic disorder?
Treatment: (1) Cognitive behavioral therapy (2) SSRIs (3) Venlafaxine (3) Benzodiazepines (risk of tolerance, physical dependence)
What are 2 risks of using Benzodiazepines to treat Panic disorder?
Benzodiazepines (risk of tolerance, physical dependence)
What is required for the diagnosis of Panic disorder?
Diagnosis requires attack followed by 1 month (or more) of 1 (or more) of the following: persistent concern of additional attacks, worrying about consequences of the attack, or behavioral change related to attacks.
In general, what are the symptoms of Panic disorder?
Symptoms are the systemic manifestations of fear.
What is specific phobia? What cues it?
Fear that is excessive or unreasonable and interferes with normal function. Cued by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation.
How does patient with Specific phobia perceive their fear?
Person recognizes fear is excessive
How can Specific phobia be treated?
Can treat with systematic desensitization
What are 2 types/examples of specific phobia?
(1) Social anxiety disorder (2) Agoraphobia
What is Social anxiety disorder?
Exaggerated fear of embarrassment in social situations (e.g., public speaking, using public restrooms)
What is the medical treatment for Social anxiety disorder?
Treatment: SSRIs
What is Agoraphobia?
Exaggerated fear of open or enclosed places, using public transportation, being in line or in crowds, or leaving home alone
What defines Generalized anxiety disorder? Include its time course.
Pattern of uncontrollable anxiety for at least 6 months that is unrelated to a specific person, situation, or event.
What are 4 conditions associations with Generalized anxiety disorder?
Associated with (1) sleep disturbance, (2) fatigue, (3) GI disturbance, and (4) difficulty concentrating.
What are 4 treatments for Generalized anxiety disorder?
Treatment: (1) SSRIs, (2) SNRIs, (3) buspirone, (4) cognitive behavioral therapy
What is an example of Generalized anxiety disorder?
Adjustment disorder
What defines Adjustment disorder, and what is its time course?
Adjustment disorder - emotional symptoms (anxiety, depression) causing impairment following an identifiable psychosocial stressor (e.g., divorce, illness) and lasting < 6 months (> 6 months in presence of chronic stressor)
What defines Obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Recurring intrusive thoughts, feelings, or sensations (obsessions) that cause severe distress; relieved in part by the performance of repetitive actions (compulsions).
What distinguishes OCD from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Ego dystonic: behavior inconsistent with one’s own beliefs and attitudes (vs. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - which is Ego syntonic)
With what other condition is OCD associated?
Associated with Tourette disorder.
What are 2 treatment options for OCD?
Treatment: (1) SSRIs (2) Clomipramine
What is an example/type of OCD?
Body dysmorphic disorder
What defines Body dysmorphic disorder?
Body dysmorphic disorder - Preoccupation with minor or imagined defect in appearance, leading to significant emotional distress or impaired functioning
What type of intervention do Body dysmorphic disorder patients often repeatedly seek?
Patients often repeatedly seek cosmetic surgery
What defines Post-traumatic stress disorder?
Persistent reexperiencing of a previous traumatic event (e.g., war, rape, robbery, serious accident, fire).
What are symptoms that may be involved in Post-traumatic stress disorder?
May involve nightmares or flashbacks, intense fear, helplessness, or horror.
To what behavior does Post-traumatic stress disorder lead?
Leads to avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and persistently increase arousal.
What is the time course of Post-traumatic stress disorder? What are 3 consequences that it causes?
Disturbance lasts > 1 month, with onset of symptoms beginning anytime after event, and causes significant distress, negative cognitive alterations, and/or impaired functioning.
What are 2 treatments for Post-traumatic stress disorder?
Treatment: (1) Psychotherapy (2) SSRIs
What is an example/type of Post-traumatic stress disorder?
Acute stress disorder
What is the time course of Acute stress disorder?
Lasts between 3 days and 1 month
