psych mock paper 3 2020 and 2019 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what is psychic determinism

A

adult behaviour, eg anxiety, pen-chewing, tidying, relationship problems, is determined by childhood/early experiences and by innate, unconscious drives/motives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the main part of social exchange theory

A

A theory that proposes individuals focus on getting out more than they put in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is Rusbults model of romantic relationships

A

Rusbult saw commitment is key factor in sustaining a relationship – commitment depends on
satisfaction, comparison with alternatives and investment
satisfaction is determined by available alternatives – better alternatives mean less satisfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does investment act in Rusbult’s model

A

investment acts as a deterrent to leaving a relationship – intrinsic investment – resources put into the relationship directly, eg emotion, effort etc – extrinsic investment – resources arising out of the relationship, eg children, mutual friends, possessions bought together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are strengths of Rusbult’s model

A
  • Le and Agnew (2003) – showed the importance of satisfaction, alternative and investment in commitment
  • Rusbult (1998)- support in homosexual relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what did Le and Agnew (2003) find in support of Rusbult’s model

A

conducted a meta-analysis of 52 studies, featuring 11,000 participants in total
discovered that satisfaction, comparison with alternatives and investment greatly contributed to commitment and commitment was a defining feature of long-lasting relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what did Rusbult (1998) found that supports the investment theory in regards to homosexual couples

A

administered IMS questionnaire to participants in homosexual relationships, finding support for all factors of the model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how may a cognitive psychologist treat schizophrenia

A

could be helped to identify irrational thoughts/beliefs
help understand they arent real
give alternative explanations
strategies to counter irrational thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are psychodynamic explanations

A

defence mechanisms allow the criminal to unconsciously justify criminal behaviour
Bowlby stated maternal deprivation leads to consequences such as
affectionless psychopathy and delinquency
superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is meant by socially sensitive research

A
  • where the topic area and/or group studied can have implications for society/certain groups in
    society
  • potentially leading to a change in, or justification for, the way these groups are treated/perceived
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the social exchange theory

A
  • considers how partners exchange rewards and costs
  • assumes that those who offer rewards are attractive and those who are perceived to involve great cost are less attractive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are more parts to social exchange theory

A

• Thibaut and Kelley’s 4-stage model – sampling, bargaining, commitment, institutionalisation
• uses comparison level and comparison level alternatives
• predicts that relationships that benefit both parties will succeed whereas relationships that are
imbalanced will fail.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an evaluation of social exchange theory

A

• assumes people make rational and calculated decisions about romantic relationships
• can account for individual differences in attraction as different people will perceive certain rewards and
costs differently
• explains maintenance better than initial attraction – as time goes on costs become more evident
• oversimplifies complex human romantic relationships – does not account for selfless behaviour
• comparison with Rusbult’s elaboration of the theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an interactionist approach to schizophrenia- the diathesis stress model

A

• diathesis-stress model combines effects of internal vulnerability and external stress trigger
• vulnerability (diathesis) originally thought to be genetic, now includes vulnerabilities due to childhood
trauma which might have affected brain development
• stress trigger would be any negative psychological experience, eg breakdown of relationship,
academic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is psychological contributions to the onset of schizophrenia- family dysfunction

A

maladaptive relationships and patterns of communications within families as sources of stress which can cause or influence the development of schizophrenia
parents usually have the following characteristics:
1. high levels of interpersonal conflict ( arguments)
2. difficulty communicating
3. excessively critical and controlling of their children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the biological contribution to the onset of schizophrenia- dopamine hypothesis

A

dopamine acts to increase the rate of firing of neurons during synapse, which enhances communication between neurons
Snyder (1976) argued it was if too much dopamine is released during synapse

17
Q

what is the interactionist approach to treating schizophrenia

A

anti-psychotic medication with psychological therapy

18
Q

what is atypical anti-psychotic drugs as treatment for schizophrenia

A

(eg clozapine and risperidone) block dopamine receptors and also act on other neurotransmitters eg acetylcholine and serotonin; also address the negative symptoms such as avolition

19
Q

what are typical antipsychotic drugs as a treatment for schizophrenia

A
typical antipsychotics (eg chlorpromazine) are dopamine antagonists reducing dopamine activity by blocking dopamine receptors at the synapse. 
This reduces positive symptoms such as hallucinations and has a calming/sedative effect
20
Q

what is the evaluation of using drugs to treat sz

A

horrible side effects - Lieberman et al (2005)
relatively cheap to produce
high relapse rate- 40% in the 1st year after treatment 15% in later years

21
Q

what is CBT as an treatment for schizophrenia

A

change maladaptive thinking
modify hallucinations and delusions
one approach is PT and RET

22
Q

what is PT as an treatment for schizophrenia

A

looks at personal experiences, problems, triggers and consequences

23
Q

what is cognitive techniques involved in PT and CBT

A
  • distractions from intrusive thoughts
  • challenge meaning of intrusive thoughts
  • increasing/decreasing social activity- distract low mood
  • use relaxation techniques
24
Q

what is token economies as an treatment for schizophrenia

A
25
Q

what is the evaluation for the CBT as an treatment for schizophrenia

A

jauhar et al ( 2014)

Zimmerman et al (2005)

26
Q

what did Jauhar et al find in terms of treating sz with CBT

A

a meta-analysis of 50 studies over the past 20 yrs
only a small therapuetic effect in symptoms, including positive symptoms
small effect dissappeared when using bind testing

27
Q

what did Zimmerman et al (2005) find in terms of CBT as a treatment of schizophrenia

A

meta-analysis of 14 studies of CBT published between 1990 and 2004 involving 1,484 patients
CBT significantly reduced positive symptoms and treatment was particularly useful in short-term acute schizophrenic episode

28
Q

what is differential association theory

A

(Sutherland 1939) proposes that offending is learnt through socialisation
• pro-criminal attitudes/behaviours occur through association and relationships with other people
(friends, family etc) from these people we learn our norms and values, even deviant ones