psych mock paper 3 2018 and 2017

Question 1

what is a nomothetic approach to psychology

Answer 1

studying a relatively large sample in order to formulate general laws/principles of behaviour

Question 2

what is limitations of a nomothetic approach

Answer 2

cannot find out rich/in-depth information about single cases

Question 3

what are ethical implications on research

Question 4

what is points of Eysenck’s theory of criminal personality

Answer 4

The criminal personality cannot be conditioned easily

The criminal personality scores highly on neuroticism

Question 5

what is an idiographic approach to psychology

Answer 5

Explaining behaviour in a simple way in terms of basic units.

Question 6

what are the types of determinism

Answer 6

types: 
biological 
environmental
psychic 
stances: 
hard 
soft

Question 7

what is biological determinism

Answer 7

any form of biological influence on the body

e. g. in the 3 main biological mechanisms:
1. genetics
2. brain physiology
3. biochemistry

Question 8

what is environmental determinism

Answer 8

behaviour is determined by environmental influences

e.g. learning approach

Question 9

what is psychic determinism

Answer 9

the role of the unconscious on conscious thought and how it affects behaviour

Question 10

what is hard determinism

Answer 10

human behaviour is determined by external forces and the actions are out of control

Question 11

what is soft determinism

Answer 11

idea that behaviour is determined but humans also have the opportunity to exercise free will if needed.

Question 12

what is the intrapsychic phase of relationship breakdown

Answer 12

where 1 partner privately perceives dissatisfaction with the relationship

Question 13

what is the social phase in relationship breakdown

Answer 13

breakdown is made public. negotiation begins about children, finances ect

Question 14

what is true about token economies in reference to the treatment of schizophrenia

Answer 14

Token economies help to promote acceptable behaviours

Question 15

what is family dysfunction as an explanation for the onset of schizophrenia

Answer 15

sees maladaptive relationships and patterns of communications within families as sources of stress
parents often display the following dysfunctional characteristics:
1. high levels of interpersonal conflict
2. difficulty communicating with each other
3. excessively critical and controlling of their children

Question 16

what did Bateson (1956) suggest about family dysfunction in regards to the onset of schizophrenia

Answer 16

the double-bind theory
a verbal message is given but the opposite behaviour is exhibited.
it leads to social withdrawal and flat effect

Question 17

what is expressed emotion in regards to the onset of schizophrenia

Answer 17

families who persistently exhibit criticism and hostility exert a negative influence

Question 18

what are limitations of family dysfunction

Answer 18

• family dysfunction may be the result of the child’s disturbing behaviour rather than the cause – impossible to show cause and effect
• family dysfunction might act as a trigger but the basic cause is biological (dopamine hypothesis, genetic evidence)

Question 19

what are typical antipsychotics

Answer 19

typical antipsychotics (eg chlorpromazine) are dopamine antagonists reducing dopamine activity by blocking dopamine receptors at the synapse. 
This reduces positive symptoms such as hallucinations and has a calming/sedative effect

Question 20

what are atypical antipsychotics

Answer 20

(eg clozapine and risperidone) block dopamine receptors and also act on other neurotransmitters eg acetylcholine and serotonin; also address the negative symptoms such as avolition

Question 21

what is the top-down approach to offender profiling

Answer 21

• conceptual categories/templates of organised and disorganised offender are pre-existing in the mind of the profiler
• evidence from the crime scene and other details of the crime/victim/context are then used to fit into either of the pre-existing categories and determine the offender as one type or the other

Question 22

what is thematic analysis

Answer 22

• use the recordings to make a transcription of the interview
• use coding to initially analyse the transcripts
• review the transcriptions/codes looking for emergent themes/ideas that might be linked to
violent crime eg family violence, parental argument, alcohol misuse.

Question 23

what is Kohlberg’s level of moral reasoning