psych mock paper 3 2018 and 2017 Flashcards
what is a nomothetic approach to psychology
studying a relatively large sample in order to formulate general laws/principles of behaviour
what is limitations of a nomothetic approach
cannot find out rich/in-depth information about single cases
what are ethical implications on research
what is points of Eysenck’s theory of criminal personality
The criminal personality cannot be conditioned easily
The criminal personality scores highly on neuroticism
what is an idiographic approach to psychology
Explaining behaviour in a simple way in terms of basic units.
what are the types of determinism
types: biological environmental psychic stances: hard soft
what is biological determinism
any form of biological influence on the body
e. g. in the 3 main biological mechanisms:
1. genetics
2. brain physiology
3. biochemistry
what is environmental determinism
behaviour is determined by environmental influences
e.g. learning approach
what is psychic determinism
the role of the unconscious on conscious thought and how it affects behaviour
what is hard determinism
human behaviour is determined by external forces and the actions are out of control
what is soft determinism
idea that behaviour is determined but humans also have the opportunity to exercise free will if needed.
what is the intrapsychic phase of relationship breakdown
where 1 partner privately perceives dissatisfaction with the relationship
what is the social phase in relationship breakdown
breakdown is made public. negotiation begins about children, finances ect
what is true about token economies in reference to the treatment of schizophrenia
Token economies help to promote acceptable behaviours
what is family dysfunction as an explanation for the onset of schizophrenia
sees maladaptive relationships and patterns of communications within families as sources of stress
parents often display the following dysfunctional characteristics:
1. high levels of interpersonal conflict
2. difficulty communicating with each other
3. excessively critical and controlling of their children
what did Bateson (1956) suggest about family dysfunction in regards to the onset of schizophrenia
the double-bind theory
a verbal message is given but the opposite behaviour is exhibited.
it leads to social withdrawal and flat effect
what is expressed emotion in regards to the onset of schizophrenia
families who persistently exhibit criticism and hostility exert a negative influence
what are limitations of family dysfunction
- family dysfunction may be the result of the child’s disturbing behaviour rather than the cause – impossible to show cause and effect
- family dysfunction might act as a trigger but the basic cause is biological (dopamine hypothesis, genetic evidence)
what are typical antipsychotics
typical antipsychotics (eg chlorpromazine) are dopamine antagonists reducing dopamine activity by blocking dopamine receptors at the synapse. This reduces positive symptoms such as hallucinations and has a calming/sedative effect
what are atypical antipsychotics
(eg clozapine and risperidone) block dopamine receptors and also act on other neurotransmitters eg acetylcholine and serotonin; also address the negative symptoms such as avolition
what is the top-down approach to offender profiling
- conceptual categories/templates of organised and disorganised offender are pre-existing in the mind of the profiler
- evidence from the crime scene and other details of the crime/victim/context are then used to fit into either of the pre-existing categories and determine the offender as one type or the other
what is thematic analysis
• use the recordings to make a transcription of the interview
• use coding to initially analyse the transcripts
• review the transcriptions/codes looking for emergent themes/ideas that might be linked to
violent crime eg family violence, parental argument, alcohol misuse.
what is Kohlberg’s level of moral reasoning
