Psych Methods

Question 1

Scientific method

Answer 1

1. Formulate hypothesis
2. Research method and design
3. Collect data
4. Analyze
5. Publish

Question 2

Research methods

Answer 2

Experiment
Case studies
Naturalistic behaviour
Surveys

Question 3

Descriptive/correlational research

Answer 3

Cannot demostrare cause-effect relationship
Surveys
Naturalistic behaviour
Case studies

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

Cause-effect relationship
Causation
Artificial

Question 5

Naturalistic observation

Answer 5

Less artificial
Good when little know
Reactivity of subject to presence of observer

Question 6

Surveys

Answer 6

Behaviours hard to observe

Sampling bias

Question 7

Case studies

Answer 7

Real life illustrations

Subjective

Question 8

Mean

Answer 8

Average

Question 9

Median

Answer 9

Middle point

Question 10

Mode

Answer 10

Most frequent score

Question 11

Frequency distribution

Answer 11

Negatively- scores to high end

Positively- scores to low end

Question 12

Variability

Answer 12

How much score varies from each other and mean

Question 13

Standard deviation

Answer 13

Index of amount of variability

Question 14

Normal distribution

Answer 14

How human characteristics are dispersed in a population

Question 15

Percentile score

Answer 15

% of people who score at or below particular score

Question 16

Correlation

Answer 16

Two variables related to each other

Question 17

Correlation coefficient

Answer 17

Index of degree of relationship
Strength and direction
0 to -+ 1.0

Question 18

Inferential statistics

Answer 18

Interpret and draw conclusions

Significance if less than 0.05 due to chance

Question 19

Meta analysis

Answer 19

Several studies integrated

Duplication

Question 20

Method bias

Answer 20

Tendency to use one method

Question 21

Placebo effect

Answer 21

Feeling changes due to preconceived notions

Question 22

Halo effect

Answer 22

Immediate prior experience changes mood and results

Question 23

Social desirability

Answer 23

Want to seem socially acceptable

Question 24

Experimental bias

Answer 24

Wanting to see what supports hypothesis

Use double blind to prevent

Question 25

Early psychologists

Answer 25

Wundt- first psych lab

James- functionalism

Question 26

Origins of psych

Answer 26

Philosophy

Mind-body dualism

Question 27

Contemporary approaches (7)

Answer 27

Behavioural
Psychodynamic 
Humanist
Neuroscience
Cognitive 
Evolutionary
Sociocultural

Question 28

Behavioural

Answer 28

Watson- behaviour
Pavlov- blank slates
Skinner- reinforcement and punishment

Question 29

Psychodynamic

Answer 29

Freud: motives sexual or violent

Psychoanalysis

Question 30

Humanist

Answer 30

Maslow: self actualización

Question 31

Neuroscience

Answer 31

Olds: electrical stimulation
Sperry: left and right brain specialization
Hebb: neural networks

Question 32

Cognitive

Answer 32

Piaget: child development
Bandura: environment influences us and vice versa

Question 33

Evolutionary

Answer 33

Sociobiology

Question 34

Sociocultural

Answer 34

Individual embedded into surroundings